淺談真菌降解木材機制與環境友善型木材防腐劑

Introduction of the Mechanism of Wood Degradation by Fungi and the Environmentally Benign Wood Preservative

陳永龍(Yong-Long Chen) ； 陳載永(Tsai-Yung Chen) ； 吳志鴻(Jyh-Horng Wu)

《中華林學季刊》 43卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 181-189

https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.201003.0013

摘要

長久以來，木材被廣泛應用於建築及製漿造紙等工業上；然而在適當的環境下，木材卻易受真菌等微生物的危害而造成生物降解，因而造成木材在應用上之困擾。雖然木材經防腐處理可降低微生物的危害，並延長木材的使用年限，但此亦會造成其對人體健康及環境等衝擊。因此，為滿足上述需求並開發對環境友善且對人體無害之木材防腐劑，瞭解真菌降解木材之機制為木材防腐劑開發之重要依據。早期僅知真菌可分泌纖維素分解酶等胞外酵素來降解木材，但近年來發現，除了胞外酵素之外，真菌亦會利用氫氧自由基等自由基來降解木材。因此，若能抑制真菌分泌的胞外酵素活性，或是捕捉真菌所產生的自由基，應可達到木材防腐之效果。

關鍵字

真菌 ； 生物降解 ； 木材防腐劑 ； 環境友善

並列摘要

Wood, widely utilized in building and paper-pulp manufacturing, is susceptible to fungal biodegradation under appropriate environment conditions. Thus, the biodegradation is supposed to be one of the major challenges in wood utilization. Proper preservative treatments can reduce the microbial damage and increase the service life of wood, but health and environment issues are also to be emphasized. Accordingly, in order to develop environment-friendly and health harmless wood preservatives, understanding the mechanism of wood biodegradation is very important. In the past, it was thought that wood biodegradation just caused by extracellular enzymes such as cellulose secreted by fungi. Recently, however, free radicals such as hydroxyl radical are also conformed to be involved in fungi biodegradation. Accordingly, wood biodegradation should be prevented by inhibiting the activity of extracellular enzymes and/or scavenging the free radicals secreted by fungi.

並列關鍵字

Fungi ； Biodegradation ； Wood preservative ； Environment-friendly