水黃皮種子油作為生質能源之潛力回顧

Potentials for Pongamia Seed Oil as a Bioenergy Source-A Review

徐聖(Stanley Hsu) ； 羅漢強(Han-Chiang Lo) ； 王亞男(Ya-Nan Wang) ； 柯淳涵(Chun-Han Ko)

《中華林學季刊》 43卷3期 (2010/09) Pp. 489-504

https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.201009.0011

摘要

以非食用植物作為生質柴油的原料，乃目前替代能源之趨勢。水黃皮(Pongamia pinnata(L.)Pierre ex Merr.)的種子富含高油脂含量。水黃皮能耐乾旱高鹽的惡劣環境，可供發展中國家使用，並減少石油的進口。印度政府2003年推廣能源樹種種植時，指定種植水黃皮及麻瘋樹(Jatropha curcas L.)。種植大量含油種子林木，將創造出了許多工商業機會如：造林技術與管理、種苗繁殖、種子採收、脫殼、榨油機械、植物油加工及榨油渣加值處理等。將水黃皮生質柴油以20-80%體積比添加至石化柴油中，可減少廢氣排放、制動馬力單位耗油量(Brake-specific fuel consumption)以及較低量的粒狀物排放和煙密度(Emission density)｡但因受限於濁點(Cloud point)及流動點(Pour point)的性質，無法在寒帶地區使用，須藉由生物技術進行基因改造，以及提高轉酯化效率等技術改善。因此，本文將有關使用水黃皮之特性、成份，及其作為能源樹種之研究成果，作一探討，希望能有助於未來水黃皮在生質柴油領域應用之開發。

關鍵字

生質柴油 ； 濁點 ； 水黃皮 ； 麻瘋樹 ； 植物油 ； 轉酯化 ； 流動點

並列摘要

Using non-edible plants as sources for biodiesel is the current trend of alternative fuels. Seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre ex Merr. are rich in fat contents. Pongamia pinnata can endure adverse environment with draught and high salts. And it can be employed by developing countries to reduce petroleum import. Pongamia pinnata and Jatropha curcas are designated species for energy tree plantation by Indian government in 2003. Mass plantation of trees with oil-rich seeds will create many business opportunities e.g., technology and management of silviculture, cultivar propagation, seed collection, shell removing, oil extraction machinery, vegetable oil processing and value-added processing for waste. Addition of 20-80% (v/v) Pongamia oil to conventional fossil diesel can reduce gas emission, brake-specific fuel consumption, particulate matter emission and smoke density during engine operation. But limited by high cloud points and pour points, Pongamia seed oil is difficult to be applied in the frigid climate zones. Genetic modification will be required to improve the above deficiencies and efficiencies of trans-esterification. This article reviews the results from previous studies for Pongamia seed oil as an energy tree species. It is expected to assist future develment for Pongamia seed oil application in biodiesel.

並列關鍵字

Biodiesel ； Cloud point ； Pongamia pinnata ； Jatropha curcas ； Vegetable oil ； Transesterification ； Pour point