福山試驗林樟科及殼斗科植物的開花結實物候

The Flowering and Fruiting Phenology of Lauraceae and Fagaceae Trees in Fushan Experimental Forest, Northern Taiwan

王相華(Hsiang-Hua Wang) ； 劉家如(Chia-Ju Liu) ； 林則桐(Tzer-Ton Lin) ； 陳萬賓(Wan-Bin Chen) ； 李孟諭(Meng-Yu Lee) ； 蘇聲欣(Sheng-Hsin Su)

《中華林學季刊》 44卷3期 (2011/09) Pp. 349-361

https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.201109.0003

摘要

樟科、殼斗科為臺灣中低海拔闊葉林之主要優勢分類群樹種，對其物候現象之掌握，將有助於對當地森林生態系統之瞭解。本研究的觀察對象為福山試驗林的優勢林木分類群樟科與殼斗科植物，共計調查樟科7屬12種68株，殼斗科共計3屬5種43株，觀察期間自2003年1月至2009年12月，記錄各樹種的花芽出現期、開花期與結實現象。殼斗科3屬植物的物候期類似，呈現明顯的單一高峰型，大致上4月為花芽出現期，4～5月為開花期，5～11月為結實期。相對的，樟科的屬間物候期差異較大，約略可依物候高峰期區分為兩個類群；木薑子屬、厚殼桂屬、雅楠屬及樟屬之物候期較相近，4～8月為花芽出現期、6～8月為開花期，7～11月為結實期；釣樟屬、新木薑子屬、楨楠屬之花芽出現期為9月～隔年3月，開花期為2～3月，結實期為4～11月。樟科的楨楠屬及樟屬在同屬植物間的物候期差異不大，但楨楠屬4種植物之物候期一致性較樟屬的3種植物為高。福山原生樟科與殼斗科植物的物候期及開花結實率在不同年度間有差異，或許與不同年度的氣候差異有關，尚待更多的資料及分析予以驗證。

關鍵字

樟科 ； 殼斗科 ； 物候 ； 開花 ； 結實 ； 福山

並列摘要

Lauracease and Fagaceae tree species dominate the subtropical broad-leaved forest in the medium and low altitude mountain of Taiwan, to realize the phenology of them could help to more understand the forest ecosystem of Taiwan. The phenology of native dominating Lauracease and Fagaceae tree species was studied in Fushan experimental forest. It included 7 genera, 12 species, and 68 individuals of Lauraceae; 3 genera, 5 species, and 43 individuals of Fagaceae. We surveyed if the individuals with the flower bud appearing, flower opening, and fruiting once every month from January 2003 to December 2009.Three genera of Fagaceae have similar, single peak, phenology periods. The flower bud appearing in April, flowering from April to May, and fruiting from May to November. However, the Lauraceae could be separated into 2 groups since the peaks of phenology period are different. Genus Litsea, Cryptocarya, Phoebe and Cinnamomum had similar phenology period, with flower bud appearing from April to August, flower opening from June to August, and fruiting from July to November. On the other hand, Lindera, Neolitsea and Machilus had similar phenology period, with flower bud appearing from September to March, flower opening from February to March, and fruiting from April to November. This study also found that different species of genus Machilus had more similar phenology pattern than genus Cinnamomum. Moreover, the difference in climates of each year might lead to the difference of the phenology period of Lauraceae and Fagaceae in Fushan, but it need more data and better way of analysis to explain the relationship between them.

並列關鍵字

Lauraceae ； Fagaceae ； Phenology ； Flowering ； Fruiting ； Fushan