森林環境中空氣負離子濃度研究之文獻探討

空氣負離子(Negative air ions, NAIs)為一種移動速率快、生命週期短且帶有負電荷的小氣體離子，具有淨化空氣和治療疾病的功效。在環境方面，空氣負離子可利用帶電特性與大氣汙染微粒結合而沉降、與揮發性有機物(Volatile organic compounds, VOCs)產生氧化反應而降低其含量、亦可抑制細菌生長和花粉飄散；在人體生理及心理亦具有促進睡眠、穩定情緒、改善憂鬱症症狀及促進運動過後人體恢復穩定狀態的過程等效益，目前對空氣負離子的相關研究則依領域差異如大氣科學、生物化學、自然環境等具有相異的切入角度與討論項目。本文回顧空氣負離子的產生方式與特性，列出常見的空氣離子偵測儀器之使用原理與以空氣離子濃度評估環境中潔淨程度的方法，並比較不同林相、森林環境中空氣負離子濃度在系列時間中的變化；在森林環境中，除了氣候因素之外，植物特性、林分密度、樹種組成、栽植方式、鬱閉度、樹高和胸徑等，均導致不同的森林環境與林分之間空氣負離子濃度的分布差異。一般以瀑布、溪流等流動水體豐沛的區域，空氣負離子濃度會大於森林區；空氣負離子濃度在一天當中的變化主要受到植物光合作用及太陽輻射的影響，午夜至清晨最高，日出後開始下降，至傍晚日落後又逐漸上升；而在一年當中森林環境內空氣負離子濃度的四季變化則大致上為夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季。

關鍵字

空氣品質；森林環境；空氣負離子

並列摘要

Negative Air Ions (NAIs) are defined as negatively charged airborne particulates with high velocity and short life cycle. Since their discovery, much research has been conducted on the relationship between the concentration of NAIs and both the environment and human health. In the environmental aspect, NAIs are able to combine with particulate matters due to its electrically charged characteristics and then sediment. Moreover, oxidative reactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NAIs lead to the reduction of VOCs' content. Furthermore, NAIs effectively inhibit both the growth of bacteria and pollen drift. In the physiological and psychological aspect, NAIs treat respiratory diseases, speed the body's recovery from exercise, and affect brain waves and hormones. The latter in turn promotes sleep, improves stability of emotion, and relieves depression. Currently, the points of view and topics for discussion vary between atmospheric science, biochemistry, environmental science, and other fields. This review aims to summarize the existing research linking the generation and characteristics of NAIs, and to review current detection and data presentation methods. Moreover, variations of NAI concentrations in forest environments were arranged in this review, showing that not only climatic factors but also plant characteristics, stand density, tree species, planting methods, canopy closure, and tree height and width would lead to different NAI concentrations. The NAI concentration in a day is mainly affected by plant photosynthesis and solar radiation, causing the highest concentration from midnight to morning and declining gradually as the sun rises. Additionally, the seasonal NAI concentration in forest environments in a year from the highest to the lowest is summer, autumn, spring, and winter.

並列關鍵字

Air quality ； Forest environment ； Negative air ions

國際替代計量

森林環境中空氣負離子濃度研究之文獻探討

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