四種臺灣低海拔食果鳥類對果實尺寸及顏色之偏好

食果鳥類是植物種子傳播的重要媒介，但會偏好某些果實特徵，其中又以果實尺寸與顏色常被認為是最重要的特徵。為了解臺灣食果鳥類的取食偏好，本研究籠養4種臺灣低海拔常見的食果鳥類：白頭翁（Pycnonotus sinensis formosae）、紅嘴黑鵯（Hypsipetes leucocephalus nigerrimus）、五色鳥（Psilopogon nuchalis）、與樹鵲（Dendrocitta formosae formosae），並以38種天然果實、不同顏色的人工麵糰與染色茄苳果實（Bischofia javanica）來測試這四種鳥類所偏好的食物尺寸與顏色。結果顯示，這四種鳥類僅能吞食比其喙基寬小的天然果實，超過喙基寬的果實，皆以啄食方式進食。鳥種喙基寬愈大，所優先取食的食物就愈大。在食物顏色方面，這四種鳥偏好黑色與紅色人工麵糰，以及褐色茄苳果實。我們認為，果實尺寸及顏色是食果鳥類在選擇食物上的重要因子，這後續會影響臺灣低海拔林地所能接收到的種子雨組成，對天然更新、森林演替及復育造林扮演了一定程度的影響。

關鍵字

食果性動物；果實偏好；喙基寬；種子傳播；食性選擇

並列摘要

Frugivorous birds are important seed dispersers for plants. Most frugivorous birds select fruits based on traits of fruits, among which fruit size and color are often considered the most critical traits. In order to understand the diet preferences of frugivorous birds in Taiwan, we examined food selection of Light-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis formosae), Black Bulbul (Hypsipetes leucocephalus nigerrimus), Taiwan Barbet (Psilopogon nuchalis), and Gray Treepie (Dendrocitta formosae formosae), which are all common frugivors in low-altitudes of Taiwan. Their diet preferences in size and color were tested by feeding 38 species of natural fruits, colored doughs, and colored fruits of Bishopwood (Bischofia javanica). The results showed that birds could only swallow fruits smaller than its gape width and peck fruits larger than its gape width. Birds with greater gape width tended to select larger foods. The four frugivorous bird species significantly preferred black doughs, red doughs, and brown fruits of Bishopwood. We concluded that fruit size and color are important traits for diet preference of frugivorous birds and should subsequently affect the composition of seed rain, and further influence the natural regeneration, forest succession, and forest restoration in low-altitudes of Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

frugivorous animals ； fruit preference ； gape width ； seed dispersal ； diet selection

國際替代計量

四種臺灣低海拔食果鳥類對果實尺寸及顏色之偏好

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