臺灣北部新店區一處生態茶園的地理特徵、茶葉成分與撫育管理之研究

本研究運用新店的暖溫帶闊葉林，在2014-2019年除草除蔓撫育管理林下茶稚樹，嘗試生產混農林業的生態茶，同步提升茶芽產量。規劃茶區時運用地理資訊系統分析坡度、崎嶇度、及山體陰影指標，為曝曬茶區與遮陰茶區擬定撫育策略。進一步分析茶生長季的大地衛星影像，得到標準化的植生指數與地表濕氣指標，監看關注不同坡度的茶區保水力欠缺問題。茶芽收成後進行兒茶素和咖啡因分析定量，結果發現兒茶素以遮陰茶區顯著較高，總兒茶素含量最高達57 mg/g，而曝曬區總兒茶素只剩遮陰區的六成；但曝曬茶區的咖啡因含量較高，最高可達28 mg/g。在人為撫育下之稚樹茶芽，其總兒茶素及咖啡因含量較老茶樹高，且在遮陰底下之茶芽品質明顯提升。歸結經人為撫育管理後，茶林獲得充足的日照，減少其他植物與之競爭，除可增加表沒食子兒茶素沒食子酸酯（Epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG）與表沒食子兒茶素（Epigallocatechin, EGC）的比例外，亦同步提升總兒茶素與咖啡因含量。當代城鄉發展若能根據此一自然茶林的「仿生學（biomimicry）」啟發，可引導林農業者瞭解作物與環境共存共榮的重要性，走向混農林業，解決臺灣山坡地濫墾與超限利用所引起的國土退化問題。

關鍵字

咖啡因；阿薩姆茶；兒茶素；遮陰；暖溫帶闊葉森林

並列摘要

After tending treatment of tea trees of Camellia sinensis var. assamica under shading during 2014-2019, the high amount of catechins were promoted, which are known to have the antioxidative activity. The tea garden including old and young tea trees was located in Xindian region, northern Taiwan, where accompanied the warm temperate broadleaf forest. The tending treatment with weeding and vines-removing on tea saplings (young tea trees) of both sun and shade areas were managed since 2014. The geographic information system was used to analyze the slope, roughness, hill-shade index, which helped the management strategy. In tea growing seasons, the satellite images were used for real-time supervision, and the standardized vegetation index (NDVI) and moisture index (WI) were checked, which could estimate the water retention across various slopes. Using HPLC to analyze the catechins and caffeine of sapling leaves, result showed that the shade areas had higher total catechins concentration that reach 57 mg/g compared to sun area that only had the concentration about 60% of shade area. However, sun areas had higher concentration of caffeine as high as 28 mg/g. Further, after tending treatments of these saplings, total catechin and caffeine concentrations in the leaves were higher than that of old untreated tea trees, and leaf quality also increased significantly. In conclusion, tea garden tending management increased sun light and decreased competition of tea trees with other plants. Thus, not only the proportion of ECG and EGCG contents improved, but simultaneously total catechin and caffeine contents also increased. The ecological tea production as biomimicry can be a solution for reducing land degradation in the modern Taiwan. It is worth promoting such a sustainable agro-forest project.

並列關鍵字

caffeine ； Camellia sinensis var. assamica ； catechin ； shade ； warm temperate forest

國際替代計量

臺灣北部新店區一處生態茶園的地理特徵、茶葉成分與撫育管理之研究

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