區塊鏈於碳交易制度之應用

從1997年簽署的京都議定書到2015年的巴黎協議，再到現今的淨零排放，「減碳」逐漸廣為人知，各國政府與企業紛紛提出明確的減碳目標。而除了增加碳匯、研發減碳技術、課徵碳稅等，一種更為經濟的減碳方式便是碳交易。然而現存碳交易制度普遍存在著問題，例如非法行為、交易成本過高所造成的市場效率低落等等。區塊鏈作為一個革新的資料儲存技術，擁有不可竄改、可追溯、資訊透明、安全、去中心化等特性，因而具有改善碳交易制度現存問題的潛力。本文透過文獻回顧，整理了現行碳交易制度存在的問題，以及如何對其做區塊鏈上的設計與運用，並呈現實際案例，討論應用後之改善、挑戰與展望，並針對臺灣碳資產管理之可能性作簡易之評估，以供臺灣未來碳定價之決策參考，並期許未來在臺灣有更多區塊鏈應用相關之可行性研究，包括規範與法律面、區塊鏈設計面與實際多維度應用。

關鍵字

碳交易；碳排放；碳抵換；碳資產；碳匯；區塊鏈

並列摘要

From the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to the Paris Agreement in 2015 then Net Zero Emissions today, carbon reduction has become widely known. Governments and companies around the world have put forward clear carbon reduction targets. In addition to increasing carbon sinks, developing carbon reduction technologies, and levying carbon taxes, a more economical way to reduce carbon is carbon trading. However, the existing emission trading systems (ETS) generally have problems such as fraud, low market efficiency caused by high transaction costs, etc. As an innovative data storage technology, blockchain has the characteristics of immutability, traceability, information transparency, security, and decentralization, and therefore has the potential to improve the existing problems of the ETS. Through literature review, this paper sorts out the problems existing in the current carbon trading system, and how to design and apply it on the blockchain, presents practical cases, discusses improvements, challenges and prospects after application, and make a simple assessment of the possibility of carbon asset managing by blockchain in Taiwan which made for Taiwan's future carbon pricing decision-making reference, and it is hoped that there will be more feasibility studies related to blockchain applications in Taiwan in the future.

並列關鍵字

carbon trading ； carbon emissions ； carbon offsets ； carbon assets ； carbon sinks ； blockchain

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