以電化學方法探討堆肥與不同離子處理對巴拉刈在土壤中移動性的影響

Electrochemical Studies of the Movement of Paraquat in Soils in the Presence of Compost and Metal Ions

楊庭豪(Ting-Hao Yang) ； 陳鴻基(Horng-Ji Chen) ； 曾志明(Jyh-Myng Zen)

《中華農學會報》 7卷4期 (2006/08) Pp. 363-386

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAC.200608_7(4).0004

摘要

巴拉刈是在台灣被廣泛使用的除草劑，由於其構造穩定不易被分解，可能會因長期施用累積在土壤中而進入到自然水體，故有需針對不同土壤性質、離子條件及施肥等探討巴拉刈在土壤中的移動行為。以(1)三種不同土類、(2)有無施用堆肥及土壤分別以不同陽離子及陰離子飽和後再施用巴拉刈至土壤中，分別以去離子水、硫酸及氫氧化鈉溶液淋洗土壤管柱，最後利用化學修飾電極搭配電化學分析技術來偵測淋洗液之巴拉刈含量。試驗結果指出巴拉刈在土壤中的移動行為會因不同土瓖種類與離子處理而有很大差異，特別是在高風化程度之紅壤中，巴拉刈的移動情形明顯比砂頁岩沖積土及黏板岩沖積土要快速，此移動性受可變性電荷的影響很大。當土壤含有較高量Cu(上標 2+)與Pb(上標 2+)時，會減少巴拉刈被土壤膠體吸附的量而嗇巴拉刈在土壤中的移動性。有機質肥料的處理可有效減緩巴拉刈之移動性，此可提供實際農業耕作與管理上的參考依據。

關鍵字

巴拉刈 ； 電化學分析 ； 堆肥

並列摘要

We report here the effect of different soil properties, ionic conditions and applied fertility on the movement of paraquat in soils. Paraquat is widely used as a herbicide in Taiwan. Due to its stable structure and hard decomposition, long-term accumulation in soils may lead to leaching into natural water. In this study, three different soils were used for experiments with blank and compost treatment. Electroanalytical technique, coupled with a chemically modified electrode, was used to determine paraquat in leaching solution with different treatments. The experimental results indicated that the movement of paraquat in soil was largely affected among different soil groups and ionic treatments. The movement of paraquat in red soil was faster than sandstone-shale alluvial soil and slate alluvial soil. Higher concentration of Cu(superscript 2+) and Pb(superscript 2+) decreases the adsorbed capacity of paraquat, leading to an increase movement of paraquat in soils. Moreover, added organic matter fertility could increase the adsorption of paraquat and thus decrease the movement of paraquat in soils. This study provides an important reference in further management and application of paraquat for farmland.

並列關鍵字

paraquat ； electrochemical analysis ； compost