綜論小鼠始基生殖細胞生成與其調控蛋白之關係

A Review of the Roles of Regulatory Proteins in the Development of Mouse Primordial Germ Cells

陳盈之(Yin-Zhi Chen) ； 張永琁(Yung-Hsuan Chang) ； 羅能文(Neng-Wen Lo) ； 朱志成(Jyh-Cherng Ju)

《台灣農學會報》 13卷2期 (2012/04) Pp. 132-149

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.201204_13(2).0003

摘要

始基生殖細胞（primordial germ cell, PGC）係生殖細胞（germ cell, GC）形成與分化過程中最原始之細胞，為雌性與雄性配子（gamete）之共同前驅（precursor）細胞。其主要生成之過程乃因上胚層（epiblast）細胞受到骨質形成蛋白質（bone morphogenetic protein, BMP）訊號之誘導形成PGC前驅細胞後，再經由一系列的基因調節而特化為PGC。PGC自卵黃膜至尿囊膜（allantois）最後遷移到達生殖脊（genital ridge)，隨後持續增生而分化成雌雄配子的前驅細胞。整個細胞分化與增生過程涉及複雜的基因表現與蛋白質間相互的調控，其主要的調節因子包括blimp1、fragilis、stella、mvh、nanos2/3與dazl等基因產物。blimp1、fragilis及stella與PGC之特化有關；mvh涉及PGC增生；nanos2/3協助PGC 進入遷徙過程；dazl則與後期生殖細胞發育相關。本文主旨在於探討這些相關基因之功能與背景，以期能更全面瞭解PGC遷移與分化發生過程中相關基因所扮演之角色。

關鍵字

基因表現 ； 生殖脊 ； 始基生殖細胞 ； 特化

並列摘要

Primordial germ cells (PGCs), the primitive form of germ cells (GCs), are the common precursor cells of oocytes and spermatozoa. Epiblast cells become PGC precursor cells by BMPs induction at 6.0 days post coitum (dpc). Through multiple levels of transcriptional regulation by several important genes, PGC precursor cells initiate specification to form PGCs at 7.25 dpc. Subsequently, PGCs advance their migration from the allantois, via the hindgut and ultimately to the genital ridge. PGCs then continue to proliferate and form clusters at the genital ridge until 13.5 dpc. Development of PGCs profoundly depends on the interactive regulations of important genes including blimp1, fragilis, stella, mvh, nanos2/3 and dazl. Among them, blimp1, fragilis and stella are associated with PGC specification, Mvh with proliferation of PGCs, nanos2/3 with PGC migration and dazl with subsequent development into germ cells. The goal of this review is to highlight the functionalities of these regulatory proteins in the hope of further comprehending the complete picture of the roles they play during PGC development.

並列關鍵字

Gene expression ； Genital ridge ； Primordial germ cells ； Specification