小鼠胚發育階段與類胚體之比較

Developmental Stages of Mouse Embryos and Embryoid Bodies

楊淳茹(Chun-Ru Yang) ； 曾榮凱(Jung-Kai Tseng) ； 羅能文(Neng-Wen Lo) ； 朱志成(Jyh-Cherng Ju)

《台灣農學會報》 14卷5期 (2013/10) Pp. 402-419

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.201310_14(5).0001

摘要

動物胚胎發育阻滯與繁殖性能下降是生殖生物學家長久以來不斷尋求解決的問題之一。許多學者利用不同動物如小鼠、兔子、牛與豬隻胚胎研究不同環境因子，如熱緊迫對動物生殖造成的影響與其調控機制，其中包括熱緊迫對著床前胚發育至囊胚的影響，以及懷孕期母體與胎盤受熱緊迫後對胎兒存活與發生畸形的可能性等。然而，因哺乳動物囊胚著床後不易由母畜子宮取得，增加了對著床後胚胎研究的困難度，已有部分文獻指出由胚幹細胞形成之類胚體可再現體內胚胎的發育狀況，期望未來可利用體外培養類胚體模擬體內胚胎的發育，以進行相關研究（如：胚胎之耐熱性機制）。本文主要以小鼠胚的發育為例，比較體內胚胎發生與體外類胚體形成過程所需時程與基因表現的異同，並探討調控胚層發生之訊息傳遞路徑。

關鍵字

胚胎生成 ； 類胚體 ； 三胚層 ； 訊息傳遞

並列摘要

Developmental failure of animal embryos and the resulting poor reproductive performance in domestic species is one of the longstanding issues attracting the attention of reproductive biologists. Embryos of many different species, including mice, rabbits, cattle, and pigs, were used to study various environmental factors, such as heat stress, which influence reproduction and its regulatory mechanisms in pre- and post-implantational embryo/fetus development. The low availability of embryos from large domestic species makes embryo-related research difficult, especially for post-implantation embryos. Some studies have suggested that an embryoid body (EB) from embryonic stem cells can mimic in vivo embryo development. Therefore, it is possible to establish a useful model system to simulate in vivo embryo development with in vitro cultured EBs for some research, such as for studies of the thermotolerance of post-implantation embryos. This review compares the developmental stages during in vivo embryogenesis with those of EBs in terms of embryonic components and other morphological characteristics required for proper embryo development. The similarities and differences between gene expression profiles, as well as the regulatory signaling pathways during the formation of germ layers, are discussed.

並列關鍵字

embryogenesis ； embryoid body ； three germ layers ； signaling pathways