日本電信自由化的制度調適之研析

The Liberalization of Japanese Telecommunications Sector: An Institutional Approach

彭慧鸞(Hwei-Luan Poong)

《問題與研究》 38卷5期 (1999/05) Pp. 61-76

https://doi.org/10.30390/ISC.199905_38(5).0004

摘要

「電信自由化」是人類進入二十一世紀之前，最重要的一項「貿易自由化」議題。它延續了二次世界大戰後，從「關稅暨貿易總協定」(GATT)架構到「世界貿易組織」(WTO)成立以來，以美國自由主義為主導的歷史湖流，亦即從紡織品、電視、汽車、鋼鐵、農產品、資訊電子、到基本電信市場的對外開放，形成一股以新古典經濟學派為核心的國際經貿政策主流。然而，在自由化的過程中，受到各國政治經濟制度環境不同的影響，其相關政策的形成與執行也產生不同的結果。本論文試圖從新制度主義研究途徑分析日本電信自由化過程，旨在說明電信市場的結構性變遷和日本政治制度結構的相互效應，使得電信自由化的過程是在政府行政主導的環境下緩步進行。國家機關的角色並未因自由化而消失。尤其是政策相關的行政部門有時藉行政指導之名凸顯其角色的重要性。文中將分別闡述影響日本電信自由化的國際環境與市場因素；日本電信改革的歷史沿格；行政部門之間的權限之爭；民間部門的角色與政策偏好及結語。

關鍵字

電信 ； 新制度主義 ； NTT民營化 ； 通產省 ； 郵政省

並列摘要

For decades, the telecommunications sector has been well accepted as a public monopolized industry. It was not until the end of the twentieth century that deregulation or liberalization of this industrial sector was put on the agenda of the WTO. However, the process of liberalization has varied among different political economic institutions. The Japanese experience has set a good example to demonstrate the impact of institutional factors on the process of liberalizationist. The author intends to apply the neo-institutionalist approach to illustrate the long process of the liberalization of the Japanese telecommunications sector. When discussing this liberalization process, the paper focuses on institutional competition, policy preferences of private sector and executive branch, and party politics.

並列關鍵字

telecommunications ； neo-institutionalism ； NTT privatization ； Ministry of International Trade and Industry ； Ministry of Post and Telecommunications

參考文獻

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