後共產主義時期羅馬尼亞的政治發展情勢

羅馬尼亞自一九八九年十二月革命以來，歷經四次國會和總統大選，雖然一九九一年頒佈新憲法使羅馬尼亞從過去的一黨專政走向多黨民主，但過去十二年來其政治發展基本上可獲致如下發現：第一、羅馬尼亞民主化進程中，由於齊奧塞斯實行徹底獨裁統治，欠缺改革思想的背景，其民主化進程也就比其他中東歐國家來的緩慢；第二、由前共黨保守頑固份子重新組合的社會主義勞動黨已不成氣候，獲選民支持度極其有限，共黨幽靈欲在羅馬尼亞東山再起，機會渺茫，改革進程不可逆轉；第三、政黨之間的結盟關係每逢重大改革決策，搖擺不定，爭執不休，導致改革進程績效不彰，最終分道揚鑣。看來，羅馬尼亞還需要經過一、二次大選促進政黨進一步的整合，方有利政黨政治的健康發展和政局的穩定性；第四、市場經濟已展現活力，最艱困的陣痛期業已渡過，從種種跡象觀之，邁入二十一世紀，羅馬尼亞的市場經濟可望有更好的表現。

關鍵字

羅馬尼亞；東歐國家；後共產主義時期；前社會主義國家

並列摘要

Since Romania saw the birth of the “December Revolution” in 1989, the country has held parliamentary and presidential elections four separate times. Given that Romania proclaimed a new Constitution and led Romania from autarchy to party politics, we can draw several observations from the last twelve years. First, the process of Romanian democratization has been slower than in other Eastern and Central European nations. This slow pace has been due to the complete autarchy that characterized the former ceausescu regime. Second, communism is no longer accepted by the people, and is therefore unlikely to make a come back. Third, the integration of the alliance between Romanian parties is unstable, and the efficiency of reforms is not obvious. Finally the market economy of Romania has showed vitality, and has passed the hardest transition stage.