Determinants of Child Malnutrition during the 1999 Economic Crisis in Selected Poor Areas of Indonesia

1999年經濟危機期間印尼貧窮地區兒童營養不良之決定因素

Saptawati Bardosono ； Soemilah Sastroamidjojo ； Widjaja Lukito

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 16卷3期 (2007/09) Pp. 512-526

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2007.16.3.17

摘要

國家層級的實徵證據指出，1999年印尼經濟危機對城鄉地區及橫跨的區域的衝擊迥異。一個橫斷性營養狀況研究在雅加達貧窮的城市地區，及蘇拉維西中部的Banggai和East Nusa Tenggara的鄉村地區進行。以兩階段集束抽樣，分別抽出雅加達貧窮地區1078個，Banggai 262個及Alor-Rote 631個有五歲以下孩童的家戶。數據收集從1999年1月起到2001年6月止。此研究顯示在雅加達貧窮的地區，耗損的影響的兒童較其他地區多。另一方面，在Alor-Rote的鄉村地區6－59個月大孩童發育遲緩及貧血的情形較其他地區嚴重。傳染性疾病的高盛行率與雅加達及Banggai研究地區較高的耗損盛行率具有顯著的相關，也與Alor-Rote研究地區較高的發育遲緩及貧血盛行率具有顯著相關。為避免此種因經濟下滑而健康受到衝擊，需要透過既存之健康照護系統，以改善五歲以下孩童及其母親的營養及健康狀況。不論地區，提供基本的健康服務及增進衛生人員的能力，是地方分權過程的一部份。

關鍵字

危機 ； 貧窮 ； 經濟 ； 新開始的營養不良（耗損） ； 慢性營養不良（發育遲緩及貧血） ； 決定因素 ； 五歲以下孩童 ； 雅加達

並列摘要

There is empirical evidence at the national level that suggests the 1999 Indonesian economic crisis impact was very heterogeneous both between urban and rural areas and across regions. A cross sectional study of the nutritional status of children and its determinants was performed in urban poor areas of Jakarta, and rural areas of Banggai in Central Sulawesi, and Alor-Rote in East Nusa Tenggara. Two-stage cluster sampling was used to obtain 1078 households with under-five children in the urban poor area of Jakarta, and 262 and 631 households with under-five children each for the rural areas of Banggai and Alor-Rote, respectively. Data collection for both studies was performed from January 1999 to June 2001. The study shows that wasting affected more children in the urban poor areas of Jakarta than in the other study areas. On the other hand, stunting and anemia were significantly more severe among children 6-59 months of age in the rural area of Alor-Rote compared to the other study areas. The high prevalence of infectious diseases was significantly related to the higher prevalence of wasting in the study areas of Jakarta and Banggai, and also significantly related to the higher prevalence of stunting and anemia in the study area of Alor-Rote. To avert this kind of health impact of a economic downturn, there is a need to improve the nutritional and health status of under-five children and their mothers through the existing health care system, provide basic health services and improve the capacity of health staff across Indonesia as part of the decentralization process.

並列關鍵字

crisis ； poverty ； economy ； recent-onset malnutrition (wasting) ； chronic malnutrition (stunting and anaemia) ； determinants ； under-five children ； Jakarta ； Banggai ； Alor-Rote