Anemia in Pregnancy in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Survey

馬來西亞婦女懷孕時期貧血之橫斷性研究

Jamaiyah Haniff ； Anita Das ； Lim-Teck Onn ； Chen-Won Sun ； Noraihan Mohd Nordin ； Sanjay Rampal ； Safiah Bahrin ； Muralitharan Ganeslingam ； Kumar Iswaran K. Kularatnam ； Zaki Morad Mohamad Zaher

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 16卷3期 (2007/09) Pp. 527-536

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2007.16.3.18

摘要

貧血是懷孕期間最常見的營養缺乏症。除了10年前在Kelantan進行的研究之外，馬來西亞現有的統計根據是80年代幾個小型的城市中的產科醫院的研究。因此，需要一項全國性大型研究來評估問題的大小並瞭解它的流行病學。為估計貧血症的盛行率，從2005年2月到3月於多中心進行橫斷性研究。以多步驟分層隨機抽樣法，選取了59個衛生部（MOH）基層健康照護診所。我們最後的資料包含56個診所的1,072個產前孕婦。這個族群整體的貧血盛行率若以11 g/dL為切點是35%（SE 0.02）；若以10 g/dL為切點則為11%（SE 0.03）。多數為輕微型。盛行率較高的是青少年組；印度人隨後為馬來人，華人最低；多胎次，懷孕第三期和居住於都市者。以線性複迴歸分析之後，只剩懷孕年齡依然顯著。這些發現有助於我們的孕產婦健康計畫的計劃者及執行者來訂定介入目標及評估。為了最好應付這個問題，結果及成本效益的研究工作正在進展中。總而言之，貧血症的盛行率為35%，多數為輕微型，印度人和馬來人盛行率較高。

關鍵字

貧血 ； 懷孕 ； 盛行率 ； 血紅素 ； 多胎次

並列摘要

Anemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency during pregnancy. Except for a study conducted 10 years ago in Kelantan, Malaysia's available statistics are based on isolated small urban maternity hospital studies from the 1980s. There was therefore, a need for a large study at national level to estimate the magnitude of the problem in the country as well as to understand its epidemiology. This multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2005, to assess the prevalence of anemia. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was used and 59 Ministry of Health (MOH) primary health care clinics were selected. Our final dataset consisted of 1,072 antenatal mothers from 56 clinics. The overall prevalence of anemia in this population was 35 % (SE 0.02) if the cut off level is 11 g/dL and 11 % (SE 0.03) if the cut-off level is 10 g/dL. The majority was of the mild type. The prevalence was higher in the teenage group, Indians followed by Malays and Chinese being the least, grandmultiparas, the third trimester and from urban residence. After multiple linear regression analysis, only gestational age remained significant. These findings are useful for our Maternal Health program planners and implementers to target and evaluate interventions. Work is in progress for outcomes and cost-effectiveness studies to best tackle this problem. In conclusion, the prevalence of anemia is 35% and mostly of the mild type and more prevalent in the Indian and Malays.

並列關鍵字

anemia ； pregnancy ； prevalence ； haemoglobin ； grandmultiparity