Crops and Food Security-Experiences and Perspectives from Taiwan

作物與糧食安全－台灣經驗及觀點

Chen-Te Huang ； Richard Tzu-Yu Fu ； Su-San Chang

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 18卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 520-526

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2009.18.4.09

摘要

世界各國對於糧食安全的議題都相當的重視。許多因素可能造成糧食匱乏，包括需求的增加、供應短缺、貿易條件限制、其他國家的糧食政策、資金短缺、糧食價格高漲、生產力的降低和投機等。在台灣，2007年糧食自給率以熱量為權數計算僅有30.6%。由於漁牧業的擴張和生活水準的提高，農產品及穀類總進口有顯著的增加。台灣的農產業面臨了許多挑戰，例如糧食自給率低、農民老化、大量農地的休耕、耕地規模小、肥料價格高漲、氣候變遷造成自然災害的增加和世界糧食經濟的快速轉變。為了要因應這些挑戰，目前的農業政策是根據下面三個基本方針：「健康」、「效率」和「永續經營」；另外亦推動「小地主、大佃農」計畫，讓土地利用更有效率。面對全球化和糧食危機，台灣將透過國際市場及活化利用休耕農地以穩定主要糧食供應，並對開發中國家提供農業技術、特別是主要糧食生產方面的協助。

關鍵字

作物生產 ； 糧食安全 ； 糧食體系 ； 自給率 ； 糧食政策

並列摘要

Food security is an important issue that is of concern for all countries around the world. There are many factors which may cause food insecurity including increasing demand, shortage of supply, trade condition, another countries' food policy, lack of money, high food- and oil prices, decelerating productivity, speculation, etc. The food self-sufficiency ratio of Taiwan is only 30.6% weighted by energy in 2007. Total agriculture imports and cereals have increased significantly due to the expansion of livestock and fishery industries and improve living standard. The agriculture sector of Taiwan is facing many challenges, such as: low level of food self-sufficiency, aging farmers, large acreage of set-aside farmlands, small scale farming, soaring price of fertilizers, natural disasters accelerated by climate change, and rapid changes in the world food economy. To cope with these challenges, the present agricultural policy is based on three guidelines: ”Healthfulness, Efficiency, and Sustainability.” A program entitled ”Turning Small Landlords into Large Tenants” was launched to make effective use of idle lands. Facing globalization and the food crisis, Taiwan will secure stable food supply through revitalization of its set-aside farmlands and international markets, and provide technical assistance to developing countries, in particular for staple food crops.

並列關鍵字

crop production ； food security ； food system ； self-sufficiency ratio ； food policy