- 期刊
Waste Management to Improve Food Safety and Security for Health Advancement
以廢棄物管理角度探討食品安全與人體健康
摘要
隨著人類經濟成長、交通運輸的便利與生活型態和健康意識的改變，使得食物供需鏈產生了無可避免的變化，亦使得人們對已處理包裝食物（真空包裝食材及冷凍微波食品）之需求日益增加。而在目前的研究裡，我們對這些新增需求所產生之相關廢棄物（包裝、運輸、處理等不同過程所產生廢棄物）對於環境負荷、食品安全及其所引發之人體健康衝擊之關連性與相關知識都相當缺乏。繁瑣的食物處理過程與其廢棄物的產生都會直接造成資源的消耗與環境的負荷。現今食物農業與畜牧業的生成過程中常會大量的使用殺蟲劑、除草劑、抗生素和化學肥料等，而這些化學物質的過量使用常連帶污染了我們周遭生活的水與土壤環境，並最終反撲進入到我們的食物供需鏈裡。根據研究指出，鄰苯二甲酸化鹽類、全氟辛酸、雙酚A等食材包裝與食品運輸中常用塑膠製品之化合物已於台灣水域中出現無法接受之濃度，而這些被檢測出的化合物同樣會污染我們的食物與造成人體健康上的慢性危害。現今廢棄物管理政策僅著重於降低包裝、運輸、處理等步驟之廢棄物產生量，卻忽略了教育民眾可從一開始就選擇低污染性、低廢棄物產生量之食物。如本土食材相對於進口食材之低運輸污染、新鮮食材相對於真空包裝食材之低包裝污染、多食用蔬菜相對於食用肉類之低生產污染。本文重點包含食物生產過程中所產生相關廢棄物之污染及其對食物生產之衝擊、相關廢棄物管理之成本經濟分析及該廢棄物污染對人體健康之影響。
並列摘要
Economic growth inevitably influences the food chain. Growing demand with changes in lifestyle and health consciousness encourage use of packaged and pre-prepared foods. The needs of environmental protection from waste generated are largely overlooked, and a lack of knowledge about the impact on the environment and its health effects constitute food security/safety problems. Food production and waste generation directly affect resource (i.e., energy and water) consumption and often contaminate the environment. More pressure on food production has inculcated the use of pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics and chemical fertilizers which add to current global pollution. At least half of food grown is discarded before and after it reaches consumers. It is estimated that one third to half of landfill waste comes from the food sector. This landfill releases green house gases (GHG) as well as leachate which worsen soil and water quality and safety. Pharmaceutical and chemical contaminations from residential, industrial and agricultural sources make their way into nearby water and soil and can eventually affect our food systems. Phthalates, PFOA, BPA, commonly used in plastics and personal care products, are found in unacceptable concentrations in Taiwanese waters. They, too, contribute to food contamination and long-term health risk. Existing waste management strategies warrant more stringent norms for waste reduction at source. Awareness through education could reduce food waste and its consequences. This review encompasses impacts of food production systems on the environment, pollution which results from food waste, costs and economic advantages in food waste management, and health consequences of waste.