Equity, Food Security and Health Equity in the Asia Pacific Region

亞太地區的平等、糧食安全以及均健

Sharon Friel ； Phillip I Baker

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 18卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 620-632

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2009.18.4.23

摘要

人們吃什麼以及吃多少，反應出他們的社會政治、社會經濟、社會環境及社會文化等因素。良好的營養是良好健康的首要條件。全球許多人的健康情形雖然已獲得改善，但並非人人皆平等。食物及與營養相關的健康的不平等分配是社會失敗的指標。對於某些個體、社區、甚至國家而言，問題在於沒有足夠的糧食，或買不起糧食，或缺乏高營養價值的食物；而對於其他地區，則是糧食過於豐足，但是營養品質卻未達標準，欠缺健康的食物，而且食物的價格高於其他生活必需品。若營養狀況沒有平等地改善，則亞太地區的人類發展及貧困縮減是無法達成的。健康的差異等級並無生物學上的理由，包括在亞太地區觀察到的與飲食相關的健康差異。它的存在是不道德及不公平的。不均衡的經濟成長、不平等的日常生活條件改善、科技發展的不平等分佈及人權受壓制，使得健康不平等在過去三十年延續且惡化。解決與飲食攸關的健康不平等應關切潛在的結構性因素以及日常生活條件的不平等，這些才是導致個體、社會團體、甚至國家無力追求良好的營養及健康的根源。在全球、地區及國家層次，這些都是經濟與社會政策的課題。

關鍵字

健康不平等 ； 社會決定因素 ； 糧食安全

並列摘要

What, and how much, people eat is a response to their socio-political, socio-economic, socio-environmental and socio-cultural environments. Good nutrition is central to good health. Globally, health has improved for many but not for everyone equally. That food and nutrition-related health is unequally distributed is a marker of societal failure. For some individuals, communities and even nations, it is a matter of not having enough food, of being unable to afford food and there being little nutritious food readily available. For others there is an over abundance of food but its nutritional quality is compromised, access to healthy food is poor and cost of food is high relative to other commodities. Human development and poverty reduction in the Asia Pacific region cannot be achieved without improving nutrition in an equitable way. There is no biological reason for the scale of difference in health, including diet-related health that is observed in the Asia Pacific region. That it exists is unethical and inequitable. Asymmetric economic growth, unequal improvements in daily living conditions, unequal distribution of technical developments and suppression of human rights have seen health inequities perpetuate and worsen, particularly over the last three decades. Addressing diet-related health inequities requires attention to the underlying structural drivers and inequities in conditions of daily living that disempower individuals, social groups and even nations from the pursuit of good nutrition and health. These are matters of economic and social policy at the global, regional and national level.

並列關鍵字

health inequity ； social determinants ； food security