Taking the Indonesian Nutrition History to Leap into Betterment of the Future Generation: Development of the Indonesian Nutrition Guidelines

印尼的營養歷史始於1887年，Christiann Eijkman發現維生素B1缺乏與腳氣病的關聯。在1950年代，營養資訊的社會化開始於“Healthy Four Perfect Five”（Empat Sehat Lima Sempurna-ESLS）的導入。隨後的25年，ESLS深受營養教育喜愛且被全國廣泛認識。但是ESLS從未被評估，印尼國人的飲食攝取模式也不平衡。營養不良尚無法控制，而營養過剩卻浮現出來。在1995年印尼衛生部頒布食物基礎的飲食指南，且正式的與營養政策結合。這個指南包含13項訊息。同樣，這個指南從未被評估；在2010年營養不良的問題持續，而退化性疾病的盛行率增加。因此，印尼急需具體的營養指南（Gizi Seimbang）包含資訊如：(1)攝取多樣性的食物；(2)保持乾淨；(3)規律的活動及運動；和(4)監測體重。這個指南將可為各年齡層分別研擬。曾經以300名以上的聽眾測試過這個指南，由反應看起來是可行的。營養資訊廣泛地透過正式管道宣傳是必要的。這個新的營養指南資訊是一個開放性的概念，可適時修正。營養科學和其應用已經歷快速變遷，印尼需要適當且及時的採納。或許成果無法在短時間看見，但長期的付出將是對未來世代有益的。

關鍵字

飲食指南；印尼；歷史；營養；營養指南

並列摘要

Nutrition history in Indonesia began in 1887, when Christiann Eijkman discovered the relationship between vitamin B-1 deficiency and beri-beri. In the 1950's, the socialization of nutrition messages started with the introduction of ”Healthy Four Perfect Five” (Empat Sehat Lima Sempurna-ESLS). For the next 25 years after that, ESLS became a favorite in nutrition education and was nationally known. Although the ESLS was never evaluated, food consumption pattern of Indonesians are never balanced. Undernutrition is rampant and overnutrition emerged. In 1995 the Indonesian food-based dietary guidelines was launched by the Ministry of Health, and formally incorporated into the nutrition policy. The Guide has 13 messages. Again, the guidelines were never evaluated; in 2010 undernutrition persists and the prevalence of degenerative diseases increased. Thus, it is urgent for Indonesia to have concrete Nutrition Guidelines (Gizi Seimbang) covering messages like: (1) consume a variety of foods; (2) keep clean; (3) be active, exercise regularly; and (4) monitor body weight. The guidelines shall be developed for all age groups. The guidelines were tested to over 300 audiences and the responses were promising. Dissemination of the messages widely within the formal channels is compulsory. The new Nutrition Guideline messages are an open concept ready to be revised accordingly. It is evident that nutrition sciences and its application had undergone rapid changes over time and Indonesia need to adopt accordingly and timely. Although, outcomes may not be seen in a short time, longer term output will benefit future generations.

並列關鍵字

Guidelines ； Indonesia ； history ； nutrition ； nutrition guidelines

國際替代計量

Taking the Indonesian Nutrition History to Leap into Betterment of the Future Generation: Development of the Indonesian Nutrition Guidelines

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