The Development of a Global Program for the Elimination of Brain Damage Due to Iodine Deficiency

發展全球計畫以消除因碘缺乏所導致的腦損傷

Basil S Hetzel

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 21卷2期 (2012/06) Pp. 164-170

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2012.21.2.01

摘要

碘缺乏是造成腦損傷中常見且可預防的原因，在130個國家中有超過20億人有此風險。全球性碘缺乏問題已被用一個較容易傳達的族群觀念重新定義（1983年），也就是用簡單的字母縮寫－IDD（碘缺乏疾病群）的觀念。IDD是指族群中碘缺乏的所有後果，是可藉由改正碘缺乏來完全預防，特別強調在腦損傷而不只是甲狀腺腫和呆小症。接著1986年由世界衛生組織和聯合國兒童基金會支持而創立國際碘缺乏疾病控制委員會（ICCIDD），成員為來自100多個國家的700位各領域的專家，旨在提供各國技術性的協助，以消除碘缺乏疾病。世界衛生組織的全面食鹽加碘（USI）政策已被廣泛採用，以每公斤食鹽中添加25-40毫克碘的方式，使人們和動物攝取的所有食物中含碘。在國際碘缺乏疾病控制委員會技術協助下，能在大量樣本實施的簡單可行監測方法－測量食鹽的含碘量及尿液中的碘，已被發展並推動。

關鍵字

腦 ； 國際碘缺乏疾病控制委員會 ； 碘缺乏疾病 ； 監測 ； 食鹽加碘 ； 全面食鹽加碘計劃

並列摘要

Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of brain damage with more than 2 billion people from 130 countries at risk. The global problem of iodine deficiency has been redefined by a readily transmitted population concept, with an easy acronym-the concept of the iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)-referring to all the effects of iodine deficiency in a population, that can be totally prevented by correction of iodine deficiency with special emphasis on brain damage and not just to goitre and cretinism (1983). This was followed by the creation of the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) supported by WHO and UNICEF with 700 multidisciplinary professionals from more than 100 countries, committed to providing technical assistance to national programs for the elimination of IDD (1986). The WHO policy of Universal Salt Iodization (USI) has been widely adopted which requires iodization of all food for human and animal consumption by the use of iodized salt (25-40 mg I/kilo). Simple practical methods for monitoring-by the measurement of salt iodine and urine iodine were developed and promoted on a large scale with the technical assistance of the ICCIDD.

並列關鍵字

brain ； ICCIDD ； IDD ； iodine deficiency disorders ； monitoring ； salt iodization ； USI