Background: MC4R (melanocortin-4 receptor) gene polymorphisms have been associated with serum triglycerides (TG) in Caucasians and Japanese, but no reports are available Chinese. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find whether there was an association of rs17782313 polymorphisms at the MC4R gene with serum TG in elderly Chinese. Methods: 2,012 over 40 year-olds participated in a cross-sectional study in which their BMI, TG, HDL-C, and MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms were determined. Results: For women, carriers of the T/T genotype had significantly lower serum TGs than those with C/C genotype (p=0.006). Carriers of the C/C genotype of this polymorphisms exhibited significantly lower fasting HDL-C levels compared with T/T and T/C genotypes (p=0.025), and increased glycosylated hemoglobin (p=0.043), but no change in blood pressure. Higher serum TGs in carriers of the C/C genotype of MC4R gene remained stable after adjustment for age, smoking, drinking, BMI, waist circumference and three or more components of the metabolic syndrome by multivariable linear regression (p=0.010) in women. The carriers of the C/C genotype of MC4R gene showed significantly greater odds ratio for TG than T/C and T/T genotypes, even when adjusted for age, smoking, drinking, BMI and waist circumference in women. Conclusions: The rs17782313 C/C genotype is associated with higher TG levels in older Chinese women.