Dietary fiber intake, dietary glycemic load, and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus during the second trimester: A nested case-control study

Qing Xu ； Yang Tao ； Yong Zhang ； Xinsheng Zhang ； Changyong Xue ； Yinghua Liu

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 預刊文章 Pp. 1-19

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202109/PP.0003

摘要

Background and Objectives: The effect of fiber, especially the effect of specific fiber in different food groups, on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has seldomly been investigated. This study aimed to examine the association between GDM risk and consumption of total fiber, fiber in specific food groups, and glycemic load (GL) in the second trimester in Chinese women. Methods and Study Design: A total 162 GDM cases were matched to 324 controls on women's age and pre-pregnancy BMI. Dietary survey was conducted twice to evaluate dietary factors between 13-16 gestational weeks (GW) and 21-24 GW respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to compute the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Intake of total fiber and fruit fiber in both 13-16 GW and in 21-24 GW were significantly correlated with decreased risk of GDM, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs): 0.06(0.03-0.13) and 0.03(0.01-0.08) for total fiber in the highest quartile, 0.003(0.0002-0.02) and 0.01(0.001-0.02) for fruit fiber in the highest quartile, respectively. In contrast, consumption of cereal fiber in 21-24 GW and daily average GL in 13-16 GW were positively associated with GDM risk, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of the highest quartile: 3.34(1.45-7.92) and 3.88(1.43-10.89) respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggested consumption of dietary fiber in various food groups in the second trimester might be associated with GDM risk. Particularly, diet rich in total fiber and fruit fiber may play a protective role.

關鍵字

gestational diabetes mellitus ； dietary fiber ； glycemic load ； total fiber ； fruit fiber