Food Fortification as a Complementary Strategy for the Elimination of Micronutrient Deficiencies: Case Studies of Large Scale Food Fortification in two Indian States

食品強化作為消除微量營養素缺乏的互補策略：印度兩州大規模食品強化的個案研究

Sadhana Bhagwat ； Deepti Gulati ； Ruchika Sachdeva ； Rajan Sankar

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 23卷S1期 (2014/11) Pp. s4-s11

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.s1.03

摘要

印度微量營養素營養不良的負擔非常高。食品強化是提供大族群微量營養素最符合成本－效益及永續的策略之一。由於營養不良的高負擔、企業有能力且願意引進營養強化的主食、標的食物的攝取模式以及有利的環境，全球營養改善聯盟（GAIN）支持Rajasthan及Madhya Pradesh兩州的大規模、自願性、主食類食物強化。高出粉率輾磨麵粉，食用大豆油及來自合作廠商的牛奶被選作為強化載體。依據載體的特性及攝取量，選擇微量營養素及其強化量。仔細評估能力及意願後，完成企業召募。生產單位配備必要的強化設施，工作人員經過強化及品質管制的訓練。按照制訂的策略，進行社會行銷及傳播活動。在Madhya Pradesh州，所有利益關係者成立一個州立食品強化聯盟。每年有超過260,000百萬噸食用油、300,000百萬噸麵粉以及500,000百萬噸牛奶被強化及行銷。在Rajasthan州，經由公共發送系統每年也發送840,000百萬噸強化麵粉，及透過中央廚房每日發送1.1百萬份強化午餐。同步監測Rahasthan和Madhya兩州，顯示達到高度符合強化食物的所有品質標準。

關鍵字

微量營養素營養不良 ； 主食食品強化 ； 印度

並列摘要

The burden of micronutrient malnutrition is very high in India. Food fortification is one of the most cost-effective and sustainable strategies to deliver micronutrients to large population groups. Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) is supporting large-scale, voluntary, staple food fortification in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh because of the high burden of malnutrition, availability of industries capable of and willing to introduce fortified staples, consumption patterns of target foods and a conducive and enabling environment. High extraction wheat flour from roller flour mills, edible soybean oil and milk from dairy cooperatives were chosen as the vehicles for fortification. Micronutrients and levels of fortification were selected based on vehicle characteristics and consumption levels. Industry recruitment was done after a careful assessment of capability and willingness. Production units were equipped with necessary equipment for fortification. Staffs were trained in fortification and quality control. Social marketing and communication activities were carried out as per the strategy developed. A state food fortification alliance was formed in Madhya Pradesh with all relevant stakeholders. Over 260,000 MT of edible oil, 300,000 MT of wheat flour and 500,000 MT of milk are being fortified annually and marketed. Rajasthan is also distributing 840,000 MT of fortified wheat flour annually through its Public Distribution System and 1.1 million fortified Mid-day meals daily through the centralised kitchens. Concurrent monitoring in Rajasthan and Madhya has demonstrated high compliance with all quality standards in fortified foods.

並列關鍵字

micronutrient malnutrition ； staple food fortification ； India