Food systems and Life Expectancy with Rapid Urbanisation in Provincial China

快速都市化下的中國各省糧食系統及平均餘命

Valerie Gibson BSc ； Yong-Guan Zhu PhD ； Rubing Ge MSc ； Mark L Wahlqvist

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 24卷4期 (2015/12) Pp. 731-743

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.4.28

摘要

背景與目的：健康指標如存活狀況、失能極小化及安適，被認為與糧食及生態系統有關。都會糧食系統與健康問題的關連需要一個關鍵且整體的措施。多數城市目前的健康轉變可歸因於糧食安全及食品安全的糧食系統缺失。健康問題需要重新建構醫療及營養的概念。方法與研究設計：本研究是基於糧食與相關生態系統受中國快速都市化影響所推斷的狀況分析。使用一個生態資訊矩，發展出一個可影響糧食系統結果與促進健康及安適的城市糧食系統十個指標。資料來源為16個涵蓋中國31省的國家統計局資料庫。這些指標包含區域、氣候、生物多樣性、基礎建設、交通、人口結構、生計、娛樂及社會化、個人安全及溝通。各省的指標計分為1（嚴重）到5（最佳），將此分數代入複迴歸分析，以預測中國整體的平均餘命。結果：最佳模式解釋70%的變異，其中人口結構（未成年人口的比例，-0.52，p＜0.0001）及生計（糧食支出，0.31，p＜0.05）的迴歸係數達統計顯著水準。結論：人口特性及生計與糧食安全的相關，可以大幅解釋平均餘命這個健康指標。提供一個涵蓋這些資訊的指標，能評估隨著都市化現階段及前瞻糧食系統相關的健康議題。

關鍵字

生態健康失調 ； 都市化 ； 鄉村 ； 糧食系統 ； 平均餘命

並列摘要

Background and Objectives: Health outcomes such as survival, minimal disability and well-being are presumptively dependent on food and ecosystems. An integral measure of the critical urban food system linkages to health problems is needed. Much of the current health change in cities could be attributed to short-comings in food systems which can pose threats to food security and food safety. Health problems have needed a reconceptualisation of present medical and nutritional constructs. Methods and Study Design: The present study is based on a situational analysis of food and the related ecosystems presumptively affected by rapid urbanisation in China. With an ecological information matrix, an Urban Food System Index with ten indicators which could influence food system outcomes and promote health and well-being has been developed. It uses sixteen data sets from the National Bureau of Statistics for all 31 provinces in China. The indicators were Locality, Climate, Biodiversity, Infrastructure, Transport, Population structure, Livelihood, Recreation and Socialisation, Personal security and Communication. The indicators for each province, scored between 1 (severe) and 5 (best), were used to predict life expectancy for China as a whole by multivariable regression analysis. Results: The best model explained 70% of the variance and had significant beta coefficients for population structure (proportion of juveniles) (-0.52, p＜0.0001) and livelihood (food expenditure) (0.31, p＜0.05). Conclusions: Population characteristics and livelihoods related to food systems can account for much of life expectancy as a health outcome. An index which captured this information is provided and could evaluate concurrently as well as prospectively food system-related health with urbanisation.

並列關鍵字

ecosystem health disorders ； urbanisation ； rural ； food systems ； life expectancy