Nocardia Otitidiscaviarum Pneumonia in an Immunocompetent Host

Introduction: Nocardiosis is typically regarded as an opportunistic infection, but approximately one-third of infected patients are immunocompetent. We herein report a case of immune competent female with pulmonary N. otitidiscaviarum infection in whom complete cure was provided with a seven months of antibiotic combination including trimethoprim sulfamethaxazole. Case Report: A rare case of Nocardia otitidiscaviarum pneumonia, in an otherwise healthy 44-year-old woman who complained of febrile illness associated with sore throat, dry cough, myalgia and diarrhea. She had never been a smoker. Her clinical symptoms showed a rapid deterioration in the two weeks before admission, despite a course of oral antibiotics. Gram-staining of her sputum taken at the time of his admission showed the presence of gram-positive branching filamentous bacilli. Sputum culture and PCR confirmed the diagnosis of Nocardia otitidiscaviarum. The patient was treated with a combination of antibiotics and showed excellent clinical and radiological response one month after treatment initiation. Conclusion: The majority of patients with nocardial infection are immunocompromised, most often with cell-mediated abnormalities. However, nocardiosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of indolent pulmonary disease even in immunocompetent patients.

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Nocardia otitidiscaviarum ； Pneumonia ； PCR

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