長途客運汽車乘客的吸菸行為與相關因素探討

Smoking Behavior and Its Correlates: An Investigation among the Passengers of Long-Distance Buses

李蘭(Lee-Lan Yen) ； 潘怜燕(Ling-Yen Pan)

《中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌》 12卷2期 (1993/06) Pp. 138-152

https://doi.org/10.6288/JNPHARC1993-12-02-03

摘要

爲探討長途客運汽車東客與吸菸有關的知識、態度和行爲，並進一步分析影響其態度和行爲的因素，採立意取樣方式，自往來於高雄與台北之間的公營與民營汽車客運公司中各選一家爲對象。根據兩家汽車公司的行車時刻表，隨機選出共68個車次的1162名來客完成問卷填答。結果發現，公營車和民營車來客在背景因素，及吸菸有關的知識、態度和行爲上，有明顯的差異。整體來說，民營車來客中有吸菸習慣者較公營車乘客來得多（15.8%比25.2%）、認知較差、態度偏負向。這些來客幾乎都已看過禁菸標示且知道是指公共場所不要吸菸的意思，但有14.8%的人認爲根本無效。有63.4%的人不知道有禁菸小組拜會活動；有43.1%的人不知道有公共場所禁菸辦法；有87.8%的人支持政府推動公共場所禁菸政策。有吸菸者在公共場所看到禁菸標示時，會馬上熄菸者佔63.3%；不吸菸者經常勸別人不吸菸之行爲，以家裡的發生率最高(41.7%)、工作場所次之(21.4%)、而公共場所最低(8.8%)。對於吸菸行爲而言，性別、年齡和教育程度是背景因素中最具影響力的三個變項。有關吸菸的知識和態度、對禁菸政策的支持程度及吸菸行爲之間有互爲因果的關係。公共場所禁菸之宣導、教育和政策是必須的，而且有待推廣。

關鍵字

吸菸 ； 行爲 ； 知識 ； 態度

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate passengers knowledge of, attitude towards and habits of smoking. Buses commuting between Taipei and Kaoshiung, some public and same private, were purposely selected as the samples. Based on the time schedules, 68 buses were randomly selected and 1162 passengers were studied. The backgrounds of passengers on public buses were different from those on private buses. Of these two groups, those on private buses smoked more (45.8% vs 25.2%), had less knowledge about the hazards of smoking and had more positive attitudes toward smoking. Almost all of the subjects had seen the antismoking signs and understand that smoking in public places is prohibited. A small number, 14.8%, of the subjects thought that the labels were useless, and 63.4% of the passengers were not aware of the surveilance activities performed by the Antismoking Group. A total of 43.1% of the subjects reported that they were unaware of the Public Sites Antismoking Regulation, and 87.8% of the subjects indicated that they support the antismoking policy. A majority, 613%, of the smokers indicated that they would extinguish their cigarettes in areas where antismoking signs were posted. The places where the non-smokers would advise smokers not to smoke are the home (41.7%), workplace (21.4%), and public sites (8.8%). Background factors including gender, age, and education were significantly related to a subjects smoking behavior. There were close correlations between a subject’s knowledge, attitude, policy support, and smokng behavior. An educational program focused on antismoking is expected to be propagated.

並列關鍵字

smoking ； behavior ； knowledge ； attitude