利用n-paraffin培養的Candida屬酵母粉之蛋白質營養價值及安全性

Protein Nutrition Value and the Non-Toxic Nature of the Candida Yeast Cultured in a n-Paraffin Medium

黃伯超(Po-Chao Huang) ； 張簡美鐘(Mei-Chung Chang-Chien)

《中華民國營養學會雜誌》 2卷1期 (1977/03) Pp. 1-11

https://doi.org/10.6691/JCNS.197703_2(1).0001

摘要

中國石油公司嘉義研訓中心會以n-石臘作爲碳及能量來源的培養並製造出Candida guilliermondii(上標 **)之乾燥酵母粉。我們研究其蛋白質的品質，加入n-石臘與否之長期毒性試驗，以及該製品蛋白質的分離。所得結果如下：
(1)給老鼠吃含10%蛋白質的試驗飼料，測定出C. guilliermondii蛋白質的NPU（淨蛋白質利用率）爲47。若添加0.3% DL-methionine，其NPU值增到62，與酪蛋白的NPU值大約相同。
(2)試驗飼料中蛋白含量爲10%時，Candida蛋白質的PER（蛋白質效率比）爲2.06；若添加0.1，0.2，0.3和0.4% DL-methionine時，PER值分別增加爲2.91，3.45，3.44和3.52。因爲Candida蛋白質所缺少含硫胺基酸的程度約爲0.2%。
(3)雄鼠吃40% Candida飼料一年後，體重增加量明顯地低於22%酪蛋白組的雄鼠。到於雌鼠，Candida組體重的增加也較酪蛋白組爲低，但關異不大。
(4)以40% Candida飼料餵養一年後肝、腎、脾和肺的組織檢查，顯示祇有腎臓有些病理變化，卽在腎皮質和髓質之間發生鈣化。此外，任何部位看不出有惡性變化的徵候。
(5)含4%n-石臘飼料會引起肛門周圍的皮膚炎，即肛門周圍部位脫毛以及變紅。而含2%和0.8%n-石臘飼料對老鼠沒有任何影響。
(6)Candida酵母粉經過加入1.5%氫氧化鈉溶液一起均質化後，攪拌24小時，而後調整其pH至3.9將蛋白質沈澱出來等步驟，很容易抽出其蛋白質。乾燥的蛋白質分離物含有81%的蛋白質。

並列摘要

Dried powder of Candida guilliermondii, which was produced at the Research and Training Center of the Chinese Petroleum Co. by growing the yeast in a culture medium containing n-paraffin as the carbon source, was subjected to studies on its protein nutritional quality, long term toxicity without or with the addition of n-paraffin, and on the isolation of its protein. Results obtained are as follows:
1. NPU (net protein utilization) of the protein of Candida guilliermondii
preparation in rats was determined to be only 47 at 10% protein level.
With 0.3% DL-methionine supplementation the NPU value increased to
62, about the same as that of casein.
2. PER (protein efficiency ratio) of the Candida protein at 10% level. was 2.06 and increased to 2.91, 3.45, 3.44 and 3.52 by supplementation of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% DL-methionine respectively.
3. Weight gain of rats fed with a 40% Candida diet for one year was definitely inferior to that of 22% casein group in the case of male rats. In female rats, the Candida group also gained less weight than the casein group, but the difference was much smaller.
4. Histological examination of the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung revealed that the only change observed was in the kidney. In the area between the renal cortex and medulla a pathological change which looked like calcification was seen. No sign of malignant change was noticed any where.
5. A 4% n-paraffin diet caused pen-anal dermatitis. Redness and alopecia were seen in the pen-anal area, but no effect on growth could be seen. Two % and 0.8% n-paraffin diets did not have any ffects on rats.
6. Protein of the Candida powder can be easily extracted by homogenization followed by stirrling with 1.5% NaOH for 24 hours and precipitated at pH 3.9. The dried protein isolate contained 81% protein.