台灣地區作物供給之能量分析

Energy Analysis of Crop Supply in Taiwan

鍾月容(Y. J. Chung) ； 王西華(Hsi-Hwa Wang)

《中華民國營養學會雜誌》 17卷1&2期 (1992/05) Pp. 91-101

https://doi.org/10.6691/JCNS.199205_17(1_2).0008

摘要

隨著農業科技的進步，用在農作生産的能量投入亦相對地增加了。爲了減少能源之不需要開支及達到最高能量利用效率，對農作物之生産及至消費者口中之能量消耗做一詳細的分析與評估是必要的。評估作物主要爲玉米，大豆、花生、及甘藷。對各項作物在農産栽培、産地運輸至消費地、消費地之銷售、家庭中之調理等過程中之各項生産因子需要量、人力投入、設備等調查資料換算成能量之投入。能量利用效率乃爲作物供作人類糧食時所能提供之熱量與生産過程中能量投入之比值。
在農場之栽培階段，玉米、大豆、花生、及甘藷之能量利用效率分別爲3.28、2.66、2.93及9.76。其中甘藷之能量利用效率爲其他作物之3倍。若將運銷、調理、加工等過程中之能量投入亦一併計算時，玉米、大豆、花生、及甘藷之能量利用效率則分別降至1.58、0.85、1.23、及0.95。
玉米由生産至供給各過程中之能量投入分配分別爲栽培48.35％、運輸3.88％、銷售13.84％、調理33.92％。大豆之能量投入分配爲栽培31.90％、運輸2.21％、銷售7.89％、調理58.0％。花生之能量投入分配爲栽培42.13％、運輸1.87％、銷售6.66％、調理48.98％。而甘藷之能量投入分配則爲栽培9.7％、運輸8.02％、銷售28.58％及調理之53.71％。

並列摘要

As the technology of agricultural system advances, the energy input for the agricultural production also relatively increases. In order to reduce the energy expenditure and to maximize the energy efficiency, it is necessary to make a detailed analysis of the energy consumption in food supply chains. Corn, soybean, peanuts, and sweet potatoes were the main subjects of interests in this evaluation study. All the activities, in crop supply chains from farm to consumer, were included. The quantities of man power, animal labor, fuel, seed, electricity, fertilizers, pesticides, machinery, and facilities were converted to energy inputs. The energy efficiency was estimated as the ratio of the total energy outputs (the amount of energy the crop) generates to the total energy inputs.
The analysis showed that at farm scale, the energy ratios for corn, soybean, peanuts, and sweet potatoes were 3.28, 2.66, 2.93, and 9.76 respectively, Showing that the energy efficiency for sweet potatoes was three times higher than those for other crops. If in addition to that from farming, the consumed energies from transportation, selling, processing, and cooking were counted, the energy ratios for corn, soybean, peanuts, and sweet potatoes became only 1.58, 0.85, 1.23, and 0.95, respectively. The distribution of energy inputs to corn was 48 35％ from famming, 3.88％ transportation, 13.84％ selling, and 33.92％ cooking. To soybeans, it was 31.90％ from farming, 2.21％ from transportation, 7.89％ selling, and 58.0％ cooking. In the case of peanuts, the distribution was 42.13％ farming, 1.87％ transportation, 6.66％ selling, and 48.98％ cooking. As to sweet potatoes, it was 9.70％ from farming, 8.02％ transportation, 28.58％ selling, and 53.71％ cooking.

並列關鍵字

Energy analysis ； Crop ； Corn ； Soybean ； Peanuts ； Sweet potatoes ； Food supply chains ； Energy efficiency