Gender Mainstreaming in A Liberal Democracy: A Rawlsian Feminist Defense

促成女人與男人平等的策略之一即是廣為全球採納的性別主流化。然而，性別主流化實施一段時日後的今天，它不僅被批評對於弭平性別不正義無甚效果，也引起吾人對於它所帶來深具影響力的政策與自由民主的公民權之間相容與否之憂。我將在此文探討如何適有效而且自由地運用性別主流化的方法。首先論說，若要在多元民主體制中透過性別主流化政策達成婦女享有的實質平等，一項決定性的關鍵即須仰賴公民遵守一如植基於羅爾斯政治自由主義的最低要求規範，也就是，每個人擔負之尊重所有公民為自由又平等的個政治責任。然後再接著討論，個別公民認可這項最低要求責任如何得以解消自由民主公民權與性別主流化之間表面的緊張，即如何將它們之間轉致為有效的合諧關係。

關鍵字

性別主流化；羅爾斯式政治自由主義；女性主義；政治責任；自由多元民主制的公民權

並列摘要

Gender mainstreaming is adopted globally as a strategy for enhancing women's equality. However, gender mainstreaming is not only criticized as ineffective in redressing gender injustices, but it also causes concern regarding the compatibility of its influential policies with citizenship in a liberal democracy. In this paper, I explore methods for applying gender mainstreaming that are suitably effective and liberal. Thus, I first argue that the achievement of women's substantive equality in a pluralistic democracy through a policy of gender mainstreaming is crucially dependent on citizens following a minimalist norm based on John Rawls' political liberalism, that is, the personal political duty of each person is to respect all citizens as free and equal. Then, I discuss how the recognition of this minimalist duty can resolve the apparent tension between citizenship in a liberal democracy and gender mainstreaming, aligning them in effective harmony.

並列關鍵字

gender mainstreaming ； Rawlsian political liberalism ； feminism ； political duties ； citizenship in a pluralistic and liberal democracy

參考文獻

Annas, J.(1993).Women and the Quality of Life: Two Norms or One?.The Quality of Life.(The Quality of Life).:

Google Scholar

Baehr, A. R.(2004).Feminist Politics and Feminist Pluralism: Can We Do Feminist Political Theory Without Theories of Gender?.The Journal of Political Philosophy.12(4),411-436.