- 期刊
速生樹種木材纖維性質與製漿試驗（一）山黃麻、麻六甲合歡及杉木
Wood Fiber Characteristics and Pulping Experiment of Fast-growing Tree Species (1)-Trema orientalis, Albizzia falcataria and Cunninghamia lanceolata
摘要
本研究乃在探討臺灣地區固有及引進速生樹種木材纖維之基本性質與製漿技術。試驗材料有山黃麻、麻六甲合歡及杉木三種，每一樹種又分為主幹及枝條二部分。試驗內容包括纖維形態觀測、木材化學組成分析、木材比重、樹皮比率、生材含水率、硫酸鹽法製漿、中性亞硫酸鹽半化學法製漿、C E1 D1 E2 D2五段漂白及紙漿物理性質測試。 試驗之結果顯示山黃麻及麻六甲合歡與一般闊葉樹比較，纖維寬度較大，長寬比低，化學組成類似，木材比重較輕，製漿不難，漂白容易，且紙漿之力學強度甚優，若不考慮木材比重，則為十分優良的紙漿原料。杉木纖維形態、化學組成、比重皆類似一般針葉樹，但木質素含量較高，製漿時卡巴值不易下降，收率較低，且漂白時需耗用較多藥品，惟其製漿之殘渣量甚少，且紙漿力學性質優良，較適於生產無需漂白之高收率牛皮紙漿以供製工業用紙。三樹種之枝條纖維長度較主幹短，木材化學組成之木質素及五碳醣含量較低，樹皮比率較高，製漿較難除去紙漿內木質素，漂白略為困難，紙漿之物理性質亦多較主幹遜色。
並列摘要
The purpose of this study is to investigate fiber and pulping characteristics of wood from native and exotic fast-growing tree species it Taiwan: The species selected for this experiment include two hardwood species-Trema orientalis, Albizzia falcataria, and one softwood species-Cunninghamia lanceolata. Both of the trunk wood and branch wood of the species were evaluated. Fiber morphology, chemical compositions, wood densities, bark percentages, multistage bleaching and pulp physical properties were investigated in this experiment. The results are summarzied as follows: 1. Trunk wood of Trema and Albizzia have greater fiber widths, lower slenderness ratios, and generally lower wood densities than those of most of the local hardwood species. 2. Results of pulping and bleaching of trunk wood show that the two hardwood species have lower than hardwood average pulp yields, but with good pulp bleachabilities and pulp physical properties. They are suitable for making bleached pulp or semi-chemical pulp, if the lower wood densities are ignored. Cunninghamia bas lower pulp yield, needs more active alkali to reach a pulp kappa number of about 30 during sulfate pulping and consumes more chemicals during bleaching. Hence, Cunninghamia is not a good raw material for making bleached pulp. On account of its low pulping rejects and fairly high pulp physical properties under weaker pulping conditions, however, it is well suited for making unbleached kraft paper and paper board. 3. Compared with the trunk wood of the species, branch wood of all three species have relatively short fiber lengths, lower lignin and pentosan contents, and higher percentages of bark. In addition, they need severer pulping and bleaching conditions and have slightly weaker pulp properties.