- 期刊
不同林相枯枝落葉層物理及水文特性之研究
Physical and Hydrologic Characteristics of Forest Floor at Five Different Stands in Central Taiwan
摘要
本試驗計調查蓮華池分所內人工杉木林，天然闊葉林，桂竹林及畢祿溪工作站內二葉松純林，針闊葉混交林等五種林相枯枝落葉層（林地層 forest floor）之厚度，單位重量，容比重，各月份枯枝落葉產生量及分解情形，並對其進行降雨截留量之探討，試驗結果得知：低海拔蓮華池試區以4, 5, 6三月份落葉量較多，高海拔之畢祿溪試區則以9, 10, 11等三月份落葉量較多；枯枝落葉降落地面後桂竹林約十一個月，而其他林相則約五個月後即可觀测出有分解現象，枯枝落葉層之平均厚度依次為：針闊葉混交林8.00cm，二葉松林7.90cm，人工杉木林4.70cm，闊葉林3.80cm，桂竹林2.95cm。枯枝落葉層厚度越深，則單位面積之乾重越重，且截留之水分亦越多。 各林相枯枝落葉層最大截留量分別為：針闊葉混交林7.03mm，二葉松林5.24mm，人工杉木林3.39mm，闊葉林2.97mm，桂竹林1.77mm。當枯枝落葉層完全飽和後，含水量(Y)對時间(T)之關係可以Y=a EXP(bT)表示，其中a, b為常數，且相關係數達0.96。
並列摘要
Selected physical and hydrologic forest floor characteristics (thickness, bulk density, unit dry weight, the amount of production and decomposition, the maximum and the average depth of water held after draining) were measured from July, 1985 to August, 1987 at five stands in central Taiwan. The period with the highest amount of fallen litter in a year is from April to June for low elevation stands and from September to November for high elevation stands. On average, it takes about five months for fallen leaves and twigs on the ground to show detectable amount of decay by weight The thickness of those five forest floors ranges from 2.95cm to 8.00cm, bulk density (not including stems which diameter greater than 2.5cm) ranges from 0.016g/cm^3 to 0.027g/cm^3, and maximum depth of water held ranges from 1.77mm for Makino bamboo forest to 7.03mm for Conifer-hardwood mixed forest. The relationships between the water content (Y in mm) of forest floor and time (T, 0.5-15 days) after completed saturation at the five study sites are: Large-leaved China-fir forest Y=1.32 EXP(-0.13T) r^2=0.93 Hardwood forest Y=1.25 EXP(-0.19T) r^2=0.96 Makino bamboo forest Y=0.51 EXP(-0.16T) r^2=0.95 Conifer-hardwood mixed forest Y=2.39 EXP(-0.11T) r^2=0.95 Taiwan red pine forest Y=4.13 EXP(-0.19T) r^2=0.96