In this report, based on some morphological and few biological characters, a systematic treatment is given to the species of the genus Ligustrum (Oleaceae) of Taiwan. Totally, four species, L. japonicum Thunb, L. pricei Hayata, L. microcarpum Kanehira & Sasaki, and L. morrisonense Kanehira & Sasaki, are recognizde. For each species, a detailed description is provided; also included are geological distribution, ecology, phenology, citation of exsiccatae, and brief notification.