紅檜與扁柏花粉形態觀察與發芽條件之探討

Morphological Observation and Investigation of Germination on the Pollen Grains of Chamaecyparis formosensis and C. taiwanensis

林讚標(Tsan-Piao Lin) ； 王維洋(Wei-Young Wang) ； 劉哲政(Che-Cheng Liu)

《林業試驗所研究報告季刊》 6卷2期 (1991/06) Pp. 119-132

https://doi.org/10.7075/BTFRI.199106.0119

摘要

紅檜與扁柏均具有圓球形單溝型的花粉粒。花粉粒的表面滿佈細小粒狀附屬物。體積上扁柏花粉粒較紅檜為大，其平均長寬軸分別為33.8μm×35.1μm與30.7μm×31.8μm。花粉粒在接觸水液後，花粉粒外壁不久即因內壁之大為膨脹而開裂並釋出含內壁之花粉粒來。在適當之條件下，花粉細胞即自其一端長出花粉管來，並經由內壁之特定孔口伸出囊外進行花粉管之延伸。
培養基內蔗醣存在與否與紅檜扁柏之花粉發芽沒有關係，以5%至30%的醣溶液試測，均不能促使花粉有效發芽。但花粉發芽則與鹽類的存在有絕對關係。以Brewbaker與Kwack (1963)的四種無機鹽分別試之，發現僅Ca(上標 2+)存在時可獲得較高之發芽率，但僅有在B(上標 3+)存在時，花粉管的生長較為正常，K(上標 1+)與Mg(上標 2+)未見任何效果。當有二種或二種鹽類以上的組合做為培養基時，發現只有Ca(上標 2+)與B(上標 3+)同時存在下花粉發芽與花粉管生長始完全正常。培養基的最初pH值對發芽亦大有影響，在有四種無機鹽存在下，紅檜之最適pH值在pH5.0-6.0間，而扁柏則在pH5.5-6.0。而且紅檜花粉發芽之pH範圍較扁柏來得寬廣。發芽的環境條件，如溫度與光照對花粉發芽的影響也被加以探究。紅檜以20℃為佳，而扁柏似以20-25℃間為佳。高溫則抑制了花粉發芽。光照與否對二者花粉發芽並無顯著差異。

關鍵字

紅檜 ； 扁柏 ； 花粉形態 ； 花粉發芽

並列摘要

Chamaecyparis formosensis and C. taiwanensis both have globose monotreme pollen grains. The surface of the pollen grains is covered with tiny granules. With respect to the volume, C. taiwanensis is Larger than C. formosensis, the measures are 33.8μm×35.1μm, and 30.7μm×31.8μm, respectively. Not long after the contact of pollen grains with water, exine abruptly breaks after accumulating the pressure of expansion of intine. Intine swells after being released from the extine. In the optimum condition, the germination of pollen cell can be observed by the emergence from one end of pollen and then the extending pollen tube goes through the specific hole of intine.
Germination of pollen of C. formosensis and C. taiwanensis is not related to sucrose concentration in the growth medium. Five to thirty percent of sucrose solution didn't show any effect on pollen germination. The mineral nutrient of Brewbaker and Kwack (1963) was found effective, therefore the four species of mineral nutrient were tested individually. Calcium gave high germination percentage, boron gave rather normal pollen tube growth. Potassium and magnesium showed no evident effect. When the combination of 2 minerals or 3 were tested, only the medium containing calcium and boron gave high germination percentage and normal pollen trbe growth. The initial pH of growth medium also showed differential effect on pollen germination. At the presence of mineral nutrients, the optimum pH is 5.0-6.0 for C. formosensis, and pH 5.5-6.0 for C. taiwanensis. Generally speaking, the pH range for pollen germination is wider for C. formosensis than for C. taiwanensis Environmental factors, temperature and light were also investigated. The optimum temperature is 20℃ for C. formosensis, and 20-25℃ for C. taiwanensis. High temperature can effectively inhibit the germination of pollen. Both species didn't show significant difference of pollen germination under light or without light.

並列關鍵字

Chamaecyparis formosensis ； Chamaecyparis taiwanensis ； pollen morphology ； pollen germination