國有林大甲溪事業區之森林火災及防火線

Forest Fires and Firebreaks of Ta-Chia-Hsi National Forest

林朝欽(Chau-Chin Lin)

《林業試驗所研究報告季刊》 8卷2期 (1993/06) Pp. 159-167

https://doi.org/10.7075/BTFRI.199306.0159

摘要

本研究調查分析國有林大甲溪事業區1963~1991年間之森林火災發生情形，以及設置於該事業區各林班間之永久防火線分佈及數量。大甲溪事業區面積48,657.71公頃,1963~1991年間森林火災紀錄共111次，為國有林區各事業區最多者（15%, 111/738次），累計燃燒面積共7,416.13公頃，其中屬於臺灣二葉松人工林者達1,622.06公頃。森林火災發生之高峰期在1963~1970年間；季節分佈則為12-2月間最多。火災主要原因為開墾引火所致(48.64%)，每次燃燒面積多在10-50公頃間(29.72%)，空間分佈以國有林與農耕地接壤為主。大甲溪事業區已設置之永久防火線寬計有五種：5、10、15、30、50公尺，共長107,340公尺，面積l,555,780平方公尺，分別分佈於各主要林班界之稜線上。依調查資料分析，大甲溪事業區森林火災頻繁與適火樹種臺灣二葉松，及高山果菜園開墾造成有關。現有防火線建置尚未系統化，寬度亦須加以檢討評估。

關鍵字

國有林 ； 事業區 ； 森林火災 ； 防火線

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the forest fires occurred at Ta-Chia-Hsi National Forest during 1963-1991 and to evaluate the function of firebreaks.
Ta-Chia-Hsi National Forest occupies 48,657.71 ha. Having encountered 111 fires between 1963 and 1991, Ta-Chia-Hsi National Forest became the most fire susceptible national forest in Taiwan (15%, 111/738). During this duration, total damaged area was 7,416.13 ha, including 1,622.06 ha. of Taiwan red pin (Pinus taiwanensis). The peak of the fire ouccurence frequency was 1963 to 1970, among which winter to spring was the most susceptible seasons. These fires, punctuated in the neighboring area between national forest and high mountain farms, mainly caused by incendiarism (48.64%). Burnt area of most fires (29.72%) ranging from 10 to 50 ha. Firebreaks, mostly allocated on the mountain ridges and intersections of compartments, was grouped into five categories in terms of firebreak width, i.e., 5, 10, 15, 30, and 50 meters. Total length of firebreaks in this area was 107,340m with an area of 1,555,780m^2 in total.
According to the data obtained from Taiwan Forestry Bureau, abundant vegetation of fire adapted species –Pinus taiwanensis, and intensive farm-cultivation are highly relatied to the frequent fires. The reinforce of firebreaks function, special allocation and optimal width have to be assessed.

並列關鍵字

National forest ； Compartment ； Forest fire ； Firebreak