從重要事項的價值取向分析我國現社會中的代間差距問題

Actual and Perceived Attitudes of Adolescents and Adults Toward Contemporary Issues: A Study of the "Generation Gap" in Chinese Society

張春興(Chun-Hsing Chang)

《教育心理學報》 13期 (1980/06) Pp. 1-11

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19800601.1

摘要

木研究之目的，試圖經由實際調查，研究國內現社會中青年與成年人之間，在對眾所關心的問題上所表現的價值取向，從而分析代間差距的程度，藉以澄清時下流行的「代溝」觀念。調查對象中的青年組為國中至大學的男女生共640人；成年組為40歲以上的父母與教師共74人。問卷內容包括5個眾所關心的問題。問卷採不記名方式，評定採七點量表法。為求獲得更多資料，選答時兼採自判（按個人意見）興猜測（猜父母或子女意見）兩個標準。代間差距顯著性之評定按預定之兩個原則：其一，須在中界點之兩側；其二，相差須超過兩個分點以上。經分析結果發現：(1)兩代的價值取向頗為一致；對問題的看法縱然存有差距，但多屬同向的程度之分，而非異向的對立之別。(2)兩代在自判上的差距雖很少，但在彼此猜測上的差距卻相當多。此等現象所顯示的意義是，在我們現社會中並沒有嚴重的「代溝」問題；但從代間猜測誤會之處頗多的現象看，彼此之問的意見溝通，確有加強的必要。

並列摘要

The purpose of the study was to investigate the phenomenon of ”generation gap” in modern Chinese society. A questionaire of 50 statements concerning contemporary issues was administered to an adolescent group of 640 high school and college students and an adult group of 74 parents and high school teachers. The subjects were asked first to respond to each statement in terms of their own attitudes, and second to respond in terms of how they expected other group would to answer the same statement. The mean findings were: (1) Significant generational attitudes differences were found in the samples on 5 out of 50 statements in terms of their own actual attitudes. (2) In the respect of perceived attitudes, significant differences were found in the samples on 15 out of 50 statements. The results indicated that both the adults and adolescents tended to be traditionally oriented. The concept of ”generation gap” has been overemphasized in our society.