母親養育嬰兒方式之調查研究

A Study about How Mothers Take Care of Their Infants

蘇建文(Chien-Wen Su) ； 鐘志叢(Jyh-Tsorng Jong)

《教育心理學報》 18期 (1985/06) Pp. 117-148

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19850601.7

摘要

本調查研究旨在了解我國一般母親們養育嬰兒的方式，並探討社經水準與男女嬰兒性別對母親育嬰方式的影響。取504名嬰兒母親為對象，又依其嬰兒性別、月齡分成12組，男女各半，以家庭訪問方式進行問卷調查。
問卷的內容分成基本資料、嬰兒的睡眠與環境、嬰兒的飲食、嬰兒的健康、嬰兒的哭泣、大小便的訓練與母親的感覺等七大類。並將問卷所得，依各項目分别計算人數與百分比，以卡方獨立性檢定法及事後比較，測試性别、社經水準對各類項的影響程度。
結果得知，一般母親並不會因嬰兒男女性别之不同而在養育方式中有所差異。性別因素惟在母親的感覺項目中差異較顯著，中國母親們企盼生男孩的觀念依然濃厚。而社經水準則是母親養育嬰兒方式中一個很重要的影響因素。由於母親就業狀況不同、教育程度不同，對育嬰的觀念與態度自有差異。由資料中顯示，中、下社經水準的母親敎養嬰兒的方式多保留傳統的方法，而上社經水準的母親育嬰方式則較能接受專家學者的建議或報章雜誌上的新知，在嬰兒睡前習慣、添加副食品、定期健康檢查、對嬰兒跌倒、哭泣的反應與訓練大小便的態度等項目上，可明顯的比較出來。

並列摘要

This is a survey study by using the questionaires to interview 504 mothers whose infants are from birth to one year old. The object of the study is to know how mothers take care of their infants. We selected six items to discuss. The items are the sleep habits of infants; the diet patterns of infants; the health of infants; the cry of infants; the toilet training of infants and the feeling of mothers etc.
In this study, frequency, percentage and chi-square were used in the statistics and analysis of deta. Sex and socio-economic level were two factors to discuss.
Results show that most of mothers won't change their attitude to take care of their infants according to the different baby's sex. But on the items of the mothers' feeling, we find that Chinese tradition affects the mothers' idea deeply. Chinese mothers like the boy more than the girl.
Otherwise we find socio-economic level is a very important factor to the study. On accouent of the different occupations and educations of moth ers, the high socio-economic level mothers used the new methods to take care of their babys more than the low socio-economic level mothers did, and the low soico-economic level mothers always used the traditional ways to care their babys. We can understand it from these items-the infants' habit of pre-sleeping, the additive's giving, the baby's physical examination and the attitude of mothers to the infants' falling, crying and toilet training.