- 期刊
魏肯氏心理分化理論相關問題之實徵性研究
Empirical Studies Based on Witkin's Theory of Psychological Differentiation
摘要
本文是根據魏肯等人(1979)「心理分化」理論所進行的一部分實徵性研究的報告。利用94名科學資優學生、120名藝能資優學生、和85名普通學生進行研究之後，獲得如下的結果：(1)陶倫斯等人(1977)的自比式量表YSLT由於量表內各特性相依之故，如果右腦型分數與創造力相關爲正，則左腦型分數與創造力之相關爲負。此一現象可能是工具本身的特性所導致，而非事實的眞象，故可能導致錯誤結論。將YSLT改爲Likert式五點量表，並用羣聚分析淘汰部分題目後，發現L型分數並無與創造力分數成負相關之現象。(2)資優學生比普通學生更喜歡採用R型的學習思考方式，也更爲場地獨立；以學習思考方式和場地獨立性二者爲依變項進行區别分析，可有效區别資優學生和普通學生。這在生計分化方面具重要意義。(3)R型學習思考方式受試者在藏圖測驗（代表空間能力）方面得分高於L型受試者，但是L型受試者在語文推理測驗（代表處理語文能力）方面，並未如「腦側化理論」所預測的高於R型受試者。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Three empirical studies were undertaken to test the theory of ”psychological differentiation” proposed by Witkin, et al (1979). Ninety-four science gifted, 120 music/art gifted, and 85 average students served as subjects. The main findings were as follows: (1) No significant negative correlation between score of left hemisphere specification (LHS) and that of creativity was found, after Torrance's ipsative scale, Your Style of Learning and Thinking (YSLT), was revised into a Likert type scale. This was contradictory to previous study which said that the score of right hemisphere specification (RHS) is positively correlated with that of creativity, but the score of LHS is negatively correlated with that of creativity. It was pointed out that the result obtained in previous study might be due to the nature of ipsative scale perse. (2) Multiple comparisons after ANOVA and ANCOVA showed that both science gifted and music/art gifted students were more prone to use R-style of learning and thinking, and were more field-independent, than were the average students. This was interprerted as an evidence supporting Witkin's differentiation hypothesis. The result of discriminant analysis also showed that it was effective to discriminate the gifted subjects from the average ones when scores of YSLT and Hidden Figure Test were used as dependent variables. (3) Results of Hotelling T^2 test revealed that while R-style subjects got higher score on Hidden Figure Test, L-style subjects did not get higher score on Verbal Reasoning Test, as it was predicted by the theory of lateral specification of hemisphere.