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類比與證僞思考技能之學習

Analogical Process in the Acquisition of Falsification Reasoning Skill

摘要


本研究在探討以類比的方式學習證僞的法則測試邏輯。實驗中227個大專學生被隨機分派至三種教導情境(證僞解題實例、解題實例+邏輯結構圖示、及控制組)。教導情境以四個練習題來操弄。法則測試作業的測試題含16個有具體經驗內容的法則規定敘述及2個抽象法則。具體法則測試題中,一半的法則規定語意結構與練習題相同,另一半則不同。此外,具體法則測試題中,半數的法則中至少有一變項名稱與練習題相同(表面相似);另一半法則則否(無表面相似度)。結果發現,當法則規定的測試題與練習題間爲相同語意結構時,證僞之解題實例確可以顯著提高證僞該法則的測試行為,且當無表面相似性的干擾時,不論是否附有問題之邏輯結構圖示,證偽之先前實例均皆可以提高不同語意結構測試題的證僞次數。由此推論,邏輯結構之掌握與排除表面相似性是以類比進行科學思考的要件。

並列摘要


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of analogical learning on the acquisition of falsification reasoning skill. Two hundred and twenty-seven college students were randomly assigned to three analogical learning situations (worked-out examples, worked-out examples + logical structure illustration, control) to work on four practice items with or without falsification worked-out examples. Their performance on 16 test items of deontic rule testing showed that worked-out examples could enhance the use of falsification reasoning only when test items shared the same semantic structure with the worked-out examples. When test items differed from the worked-out examples in the semantic structure, the success of analogical learning occurred only when there was no surface similarity between them. These findings suggest that in scientific reasoning a scientist's challenge lies in extracting a problem's underlying logic of rules and meanwhile excluding the misleading effect of surface similarity.

參考文獻


王亞同(2002)。例示作用促進類比問題解決的研究。教育與心理研究。25,179-193。
江淑卿(2001)。兒童類比推理能力的學習潛能評估研究。教育心理學報。33(1),47-64。
李怡嚴(2000)。隱喻-心智的得力工具。國立清華大學哲學研究所主辦系列專題演講宣讀之論文。
黃幸美(2001)。兒童解決數學及自然科學問題的問答討論與類比推理思考之研究。教育心理學報。32(2),121-141。
陳茹玲、蘇宜芬(2005)。類比故事的表面特徵與結構特徵在不同年齡層對故事回想表現的影響。教育心理學報。37(2),123-146。

被引用紀錄


簡邦宗(2007)。類比來源與類比目標之領域接近性對科學文章閱讀理解之影響〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-0204200815535806

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