青少年案主觀點的諮商關係體驗～初探性研究

Adolescent Clients' Perception of the Counseling Relationship: An Initial Qualitative Analysis from the Client Perspective

王櫻芬(Ying-Fen Wang) ； 黃瑛琪(Ying-Chi Huang) ； 陳宛宜(Wan-Yi Chen)

《教育心理學報》 50卷4期 (2019/06) Pp. 659-683

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.201906_50(4).0005

摘要

本研究之主要目的在探索於台灣現有的學校諮商脈絡之下，青少年案主與其諮商工作者互動的關係體驗，尤其是其中情感連結部分之經驗。研究者以六名接受過三次以上的諮商，且仍正處於諮商關係中的青少年案主為對象，採用質性研究法，進行半結構式深度訪談。研究參與者的平均年齡為15.5歲（介於13～18歲）。五名為女孩，一名為男孩，國中生和高中生各三名。研究者採用質性內容分析進行訪談資料之分析。研究結果發現青少年案主在諮商中的關係體驗，可分為「案主知覺治療師個人特質」、「案主知覺治療師的對待態度」、「案主對諮商關係的評價與回應」，以及「案主接受諮商後的改變」四個主要類別。其中研究者認為最重要的發現為「案主對諮商關係的評價與回應」類別，此類別可再細分出「案主知覺諮商關係不同於其他人際關係」、「案主經驗到對諮商工作者的正向情感」和「案主在諮商關係中內在歷程與行為的改變」三個次類別。研究結果顯示青少年案主在諮商中會感受到諮商工作者所展現的尊重、平等、同理、接納和在乎案主的態度，他們知覺到此人際關係異於其他人際關係，體驗到對諮商工作者的信任和親密感，在諮商中的行為表現有所改變。他們認為諮商經驗促進了自我瞭解、情緒表達更有彈性，並調整在諮商室外與其他成人互動的方式。根據研究發現，作者提出後續研究以及實務介入上的建議，如：研究上可以探討不同諮商階段中諮商關係的變化，及其對諮商成效之影響；以及實務上，針對青少年案主的諮商介入，應特別注意展現尊重、平等和同理等態度，以利建立正向情感連結。

關鍵字

人際依附 ； 共通因子 ； 青少年案主 ； 諮商關係

並列摘要

The purpose of the current investigation was to explore adolescent clients' experiences in the counseling relationship, especially the emotional bond to their therapist, in the context of school counseling in Taiwan. Six adolescent clients who received counseling for at least three sessions and were currently receiving counseling were recruited to participate in this study. A qualitative method with semi-structured in-depth interview was adopted to understand participants' experiences. The mean age was 15.5 years, and ages ranged from 13 to 18 years. Five of the participants were girls and one was a boy. Three were junior high school students, and the rest were senior high school students. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings revealed four categories of experiences regarding the counseling relationship: clients' perception of therapists' personal traits and emotions, clients' perception of therapists' attitude toward them, clients' reaction and evaluation of the counseling relationship, and clients' changes outside the counseling sessions. The most significant finding identified by the authors was that clients' reaction and evaluation of the counseling relationship could be divided into the following three subcategories: clients noticed that the counseling relationship was different from their other interpersonal relationships, clients experienced a positive emotional bond when interacting with their therapists, and clients' internal reactions and behavior changed within the counseling relationship. Findings of the current study indicated that when adolescent clients perceive that their therapists treat them with respect, equality, acceptance, and care, which differs from their other interpersonal experiences, adolescent clients develop a sense of trust and intimacy with their therapist and are willing to cooperate with the therapist on therapeutic tasks, even changing the manner in which they interact with the therapist. After receiving counseling, they reported increased self-understanding, developed a more flexible manner of emotional expression, and exhibited more adaptive interpersonal behaviors. Based on these findings, the authors propose that future research could explore changes of the nature of the relationship during the course of counseling and effects of the counseling relationship on outcomes across the stages of counseling. Additionally, it is suggested that in clinical practice, building emotional connections and providing a positive interpersonal experience should be underscored when counseling adolescent clients.

並列關鍵字

Adolescent clients ； Attachment ； Common factors ； Counseling relationship

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