探討第2型糖尿病患者的飲食習慣及飲食攝取份量對臨床血液生化值之影響

Effects of Dietary Habits and Dietary Intake on Clinical Blood Biochemical Values of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

林櫻子(Ying-Tzu Lin) ； 劉欣怡(Hsin-Yi Liu) ； 劉珍芳(Jen-Fang Liu)

《臺灣營養學會雜誌》 42卷2期 (2018/06) Pp. 62-73

https://doi.org/10.6691/NSJ.201806_42(2).0003

摘要

飲食控制是第2型糖尿病患者控制血糖的第一步方法，因此本研究擬藉由探討患者的飲食習慣，來了解血液生化值的表現。將台灣某醫學中心糖尿病共同照護網收案2年以上且每年接受4次營養衛教的個案，採病歷回溯方式，收集了2966位患者的8次飲食行為評估記錄，評估結果分為符合營養師期望及不符合營養師期望2組，比較2組血液生化值之表現。結果顯示，接受越多次營養衛教，其飲食行為改善的人數逐漸增加。飲食習慣方面，含飽和脂肪酸及膽固醇食物攝取過量者，血脂及身體質量指數（body mass index, BMI）較高；常吃甜食及常吃零食者，血糖則較高，經常外食者，其血糖、血脂、血壓、血清麩胺酸丙酮酸轉氨及BMI皆較高。飲食攝取份量方面，油脂類食物及總熱量攝取過量者，相較於攝取量適當者，有較高的三酸甘油酯值；而總熱量攝取過量者，相較於攝取量適當者，則有較高的空腹血糖值。因此，營養衛教可改善第2型糖尿病患者的飲食行為，進而改善第2型糖尿病患者的血液生化值。

關鍵字

第2型糖尿病 ； 糖尿病共同照護網 ； 飲食習慣 ； 飲食份量 ； 營養衛教 ； 血液生化值

並列摘要

Controlling the diet is the first step in regulating blood sugar. Therefore, this study explored the performance of blood biochemical parameters by exploring the dietary habits of patients. A medical center in Taiwan participated in the diabetes shared care program (DSCP) for more than 2 years, and subjects received nutritional education four times per year. Medical records of 2966 cases were collected, and results of the assessment were divided into two groups: those who were consistent with expectations of dietitians and those who did not meet expectations of dietitians. The blood biochemical values of the two groups were compared. Results showed that the number of people who received more education and improved their dietary behaviors gradually increased. As to dietary habits, those who had excessive intake of saturated fatty acids and excessive intake of cholesterol had hyperlipidemia and a higher body-mass index (BMI); those who ate sweets and snacks had high blood sugar; and those who dined out had higher blood sugar, blood lipids, blood pressure, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and BMI. As to the appropriateness of dietary intake, those with an excessive intake of oil and total calories, compared to those with appropriate intake levels, had higher triglycerides (TG). Those with an excessive intake of total calories, compared to those with an appropriate intake, had higher ante cibum (AC). Our results showed that nutrition education can improve dietary behaviors of type 2 diabetic patients. Better dietary habits and appropriate dietary intake levels can improve clinical blood biochemical values in type 2 diabetic patients.

並列關鍵字

type 2 diabetes mellitus ； diabetes shared care program ； dietary habits ； dietary intake ； nutrition education ； blood biochemical values