Tourist Gaze and Cultural Performance: Study on Indigenous Atayal Ecotourism in Ksunu

觀光凝視與文化展演－泰雅嘎色鬧部落觀光景觀中的原住民生態旅遊

陳英任(Yin-Jen Chen) ； 李素馨(Su-Hsin Lee)

《戶外遊憩研究》 34卷4期 (2021/12) Pp. 99-127

https://doi.org/10.6130/JORS.202112_34(4).0004

摘要

This study examines indigenous ecotourism and the dynamic tourist gaze of the tourismscape in Taiwan with a focus on the Atayal tribe in Ksunu village. Indigenous ecotourism is a demonstration of the subjectivity of indigenous people. Cultural performances inherit and extend the spirit, value, and living systems of the traditional society of the indigenous people and can be used as a basis to understand inter-relationships between hosts and guests. To further understand the social relations and construction of indigenous tourismscape, this study employed a projective mapping technique to identify various Atayal settings for stimuli in two photographic sorting methods, multiple-sort and Q-sort. A multidimensional scaling analysis was then performed to collect data on how tourist gaze influences the categorization, description, and evaluation of the depicted tourismscapes. Finally, in-depth interviews were conducted to explore perceptions of cultural performance in indigenous ecotourism. The findings highlight the importance of performative authenticity from the perspective of host-guest interaction. In particular, this study identifies four significant features of tourist perceptions: tourist-resident relationships, hunting trails, impressive subjectivity ecotourism activities, and pragmatic culture preservation. In conclusion, tourist gaze and ecotourism cultural performance in the tourismscapes of the indigenous Atayal tribe enhance interactions with local indigenous traditional cultures. Such interactions can contribute to the sustainable development of indigenous ecotourism.

關鍵字

Tribal tourismscape ； Tourist gaze ； Performative authenticity ； Spatial practice ； Multidimensional scaling

並列摘要

本研究以「原住民生態旅遊」之觀光景觀為立基，呈現泰雅族嘎色鬧部落文化展演之主體性與觀光客凝視之多樣性。為瞭解原住民族觀光景觀的社會關係和結構，本研究使用投影映射法（projective mapping technique）確定部落觀光景觀之內容及範圍，再由遊客進行照片挑選後，所得資料使用多元尺度分析（multidimensional scaling analysis）獲知「遊客與居民間的聯繫」、「狩獵步道」、「令人印象深刻的主體性生態旅遊活動」及「文化保存」等四類景觀。最後，採用觀光凝視分析框架檢視部落文化展演之社會空間實踐，討論其主客互動真實性意涵。本文從泰雅嘎色鬧部落觀光景觀中的原住民生態旅遊，歸結出以族人為主體所提供之文化展演增強遊客與當地交流之真實性，成為部落之良好空間實踐形式，進一步有助於永續發展。

並列關鍵字

部落觀光景觀 ； 觀光客凝視 ； 展演真實性 ； 空間實踐 ； 多元尺度法

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