英格蘭宗教改革後的服從論述

Discourse of Obedience after the English Reformation

李若庸(Juo-Yung Lee)

《臺大歷史學報》 36期 (2005/12) Pp. 317-356

https://doi.org/10.6253/ntuhistory.2005.36.08

摘要

英格蘭宗教改革後，亨利八世政府陷入一個前所未有的困境。原本以順服著稱的英格蘭民眾，因為對宗教與經濟政策的不滿，迅速且自發地集結。一五三六年的「聖寵朝聖行」(the Pilgrimage of Grace)，在民眾的自我定位上是一次「集體的請願活動」，是民眾向統治者君王的陳情。但這個自十四世紀以來規模最大的群眾集結，很可能演變成為真正的武裝叛亂。對於軍事武力有限的亨利政權而言，及時建立一套論述「說服」民眾棄甲返家，至為重要。宗教改革以後，原本依附在羅馬天主教會下的服從理論出現了縫隙，亨利政府急需重塑其服從論述來為其政權背書、庭戴爾(William Tyndale)的服從理論適時滿足了亨利政府的需要，亨利政府技巧地「借用」庭戴爾的論點，讓英格蘭民眾在國教會的架構下，重新尋回服從的宗教意義。「聖寵朝聖行」此一危機的化解，是服從論述發揮說服功能的證明；亨利政權化解危機的能力在歷史上留下深刻的印記。「聖寵朝聖行」的解散，為亨利八世順利推動「官方宗教改革」寫下一記精闢的註腳。

關鍵字

聖寵朝聖行 ； 服從理論 ； 英格蘭宗教改革 ； 庭戴爾

並列摘要

Henry Ⅷ (r. 1509~1547) faced a crisis unprecedented after the English Reformation. The English subjects, known for their obedience, voluntarily gathered to demonstrate their dissatisfaction with Henry's religious and economic policies. In the Pilgrimage of Grace of 1536, the 'rebels' considered themselves as 'pilgrims', whose holy pilgrimage was to seek the King's grace. This largest 'gathering' since the Peasants' revolt in 1381 could have turned into a rebellion, if the Tudor king, lacking military forces, has failed to persuade his subjects. After the Reformation, Henry was urgently in need of a new theory of order and obedience to replace the old one, which was based on the worldview of Catholicism, William Tyndale's theory of non-resistance fulfilled the needs of King Henry. The pilgrimage was dissolved under the grace of the King. Tudor regime's capacity for crisis solving is impressive. The dissolution of the Pilgrimage of Grace explains the comparatively smooth Reformation in England.

並列關鍵字

Pilgrimage of Grace ； theory of obedience ； English Reformation ； William Tyndale

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