宋代蘇州州學的財務經營與權益維護－兼論州學功能與教授職責的擴增

On the Financial Management and Rights Protection of Suzhou Prefectural School (Wu Shue) during the Song Dynasty: The Expansion of Prefectural School Functions and Preceptors' Responsibilities

熊慧嵐(Huei-Lan Xiong)

《臺大歷史學報》 45期 (2010/06) Pp. 79-116

https://doi.org/10.6253/ntuhistory.2010.45.02

摘要

本文以蘇州吳學為例，討論宋代州級官學經營的發展趨勢，以及主事者在地方官學經營中所發揮的作用。由於學田制度浸漸完備、教官選任與路級教育監察機構確立，復以科舉文化興盛後，社會對教育的需求大量湧現，州級官學日漸深植於所在地方社會。在此背景下，吳學的例子反映出為了落實官學養士的理想，地方官學規模不斷擴大，其經營亦日趨複雜，甚至負擔起資助、救濟地方士人群體的社會責任，或至少帶有協助地方社會維繫公益機制的功能。此新生社會功能的受惠者以地方士人群體為主，若官學行有餘力，則再向外擴及地方社會的其他成員。
隨著州級官學功能與社會責任的增加，及教授一職在官職體系與地方社會中的穩定，教授在官學經營中的角色，也由原本以教學為主的教職，擴大為綜理各項學校事務的全方位經理人。

關鍵字

州學 ； 吳學 ； 教授 ； 經營

並列摘要

This article discusses the development and management of Suzhou Prefectural School Wu Shue (吳學) during the Song Dynasty. Because of the maturation of examination system and government education system in the Song Dynasty, prefectural schools became embedded in local society. In this circumstance, not only did the scale of Suzhou Prefectural School become ever bigger, but its management became more and more elaborated.
Significantly, the preceptors gradually turned into overall managers of the prefectural school, and the school also developed some social functions and responsibilities to take care of the scholars shi-ren (士人) in Suzhou Society.

並列關鍵字

prefectural school ； Suzhou Prefectural School Wu Shue ； preceptor jiaoshou ； management

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