This article reviews and analyzes the brief history of the Non-state-owned Book Industry on the Mainland of P. R. China since 1949, which is divided into two stages by the year of 1980. The first phase is a restriction period and the second one is an encouragement period. The article focuses especially on the 3 steps of the second stage, namely: firstly, Non-state-owned enterprises was permitted to enter the book retailing sector in 1980; secondly, ”Second level wholesale right” could he delegated to privately-owned enterprises in 1988; thirdly, ”general distribution right” and the ”chain bookstores operation right” were opened tip to the Non-state-owned enterprises.