In the past two decades, the graft and patient survival of kidney transplant recipients have been greatly improved by current immunosuppressive regimens. The half-life of a renal allograft has been prolonged to more than 15 years. Beyond acute rejection, the transplant recipients should be closely monitored for any side effects and non-adherence of immunosuppressive drugs, prevention of infection, and medical complications or comorbidities, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, anemia, hyperuricemia, and mineral bone disease. Most of the above medical problems are also important targets of the care program in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nephrologists can easily recognize and manage these medical problems appropriately. Therefore, nephrologists should take greater initiative to participate in the management of kidney transplant recipients. In this article, the medical management for both transplant-related issues and CKD-related issues are discussed.