延滯與替代：論《西遊補》的自我顛覆敘事

根據《西遊補》的作者董說（1620─1686）的說法，《西遊補》是從《西遊記》的六十一回「三調巨蕉扇」之後捕入。這與傳統小說續書多是從原來小說的終點開始續寫的書寫方式有著明顯的差異。而這樣的差異對於我們理解《西遊補》與《西遊記》之間的對話關係有何意義？這個問題即是本文的出發點。本論文首先指出，《西遊補》的敘事一方面不斷提醒讀者對小說情節保持一定的距離感；但是，從小說字體的使用、不同文體之間的橋接以及主角行者對於其所經歷的一切的反應，我們卻又可以發現敘事在引導讀者以及主角孫行者在經驗小說中不同層次的空間轉換的同時，迫使讀者滯留在不同空間之間的分界線上，或者說是處於一種對於越界的無意識狀態。這樣一種越界經驗的模糊性使得小說最後行者是否真的結束夢境並且回到《西遊記》的世界，成為了一個可被質疑的問題。論文另一討論重點是《西遊補》當中的假冒與替身的主題。變化與假冒一向是《西遊記》中行者慣用來欺騙妖精的手段。但是，在《西遊補》當中，行者自己反而必須假冒《西遊記》中的假冒者六耳獼猴。這樣的情節設計所衍繹出的「替代主題」也暗示著這個從《西遊記》當中迷路、歧出的行者的主體性最終被被替代與解構。在這個意義上，董說的《西遊補》其實並非提供行者一個由迷而悟，最後回歸《西遊記》的保證，而是從敘事結構的層面上動搖了回歸《西遊記》的可能性。

關鍵字

董說；西遊補；萬鏡樓；延滯；替代

並列摘要

”Supplement to Journey to the West” (Xiyoubu 西遊補) is a sequel to ”Journey to the West” (Xiyouji 西遊記). According to its author Dong Yue(董說, 1620-1686), it is subsequent to Xiyouji's chapter 61,“Three Tricks with the Banana Palm Fan”(三調芭蕉扇), unlike most other sequels in vernacular fiction tradition that continue the last parts of their earlier books. This obvious difference contributes to our understanding of the dialogical relationship between ”Xiyouji” and ”Xiyoubu”. This paper firstly demonstrates that the narrative of ”Xiyoubu” continually blurs the boundaries of dream spheres and lends a sense of deferment when leading readers to travel through different places with the protagonist Wukong. Given the vague boundary between dreams and reality, readers may wonder whether Wukong is finally awakened from the dream and return to the world of ”Xiyouji”. The other theme under discussion is substitution. In Xiyouji, Wukong often transforms himself into others to deceive monsters. In ”Xiyoubu”, however, Wukong is disguised as Six-year Macaque, the one who disguises himself as Wukong in ”Xiyouji”, only to survive. This mutual substitution suggests that the subjectivity of Wukong is deconstructed and substituted. In that sense, the narrative structure of ”Xiyoubu” does not promise an enlightened return to the world ”Xiyouji” but sophisticatedly negates the possibility of a homecoming to ”Xiyouji”.