莊子與羅蘭巴特的旦暮相遇─語言、權力、遊戲、歡怡

莊子對於弔詭之夢的解答之鑰，在於看清主體同一性的虛妄，若真知主體裂變之實相，才是真知大覺，那麼不管日常還是作夢的主體，皆同為名言妄執之產物，本相都是如夢如幻。唯有觀照主體自我的變化流行之實然，方能參與弔詭而不迷，甚至遊戲其間而歡怡，莊子便是這樣大覺的智者，而千年後遲遲來到的巴特亦如是，兩者在千年後的相遇，可視為莊子期待的相遇，如此，筆者歌頌兩者在文學力量、文本空間中，有了一場超越時空的「旦暮遇之」，本文正以分解這古今相遇的內容為緣起。分析的關鍵在於：語言、權力、主體的糾纏共生之結構，以及如何從語言網羅的權力支配中，得其逍遙與快樂。對莊子言，重點在「入遊其樊而無感其名」，而巴特則強調「在權勢之中活出權勢之外」，兩者都認為人無所逃於錯綜複雜的符號編碼，人的自由快樂之道並不在於逃離語言之外，而是在語言之中遊戲語言的庖丁解牛之能耐。巴特所歌頌的文學符號學之否定性力量，實相契於莊子卮言遊戲之去固定化作用，兩者都認為透過語言遊戲所拼貼而成的文本空間，實乃處處留下空隙、可以遊刃有餘的流通管道，在此，權力受到批判、語言得以解構、自我找到自由。

關鍵字

莊子；羅蘭巴特；語言；權力；遊戲；快樂；文本

並列摘要

The article attempts to involve Zhuangzi and Roland Barthes in an encounter that transcends time and space and takes place in their textual space through the power of words. The core of this meeting is language, power, the tangle of the things derived from the subject, and the way to obtain liberation and happiness from the power distribution in language. For Zhuangzi, the point is ”ru you qi fan er wu gan qi ming” (entering and roaming in an enclosure without sensing it), and for Barthes, it lies in ”entry into a place that we can strictly term outside the bounds of power.” They both believe that people cannot escape from the intricate symbol system, and that the path to freedom and happiness is not to escape from the language system but to master it. The power of the symbols in literature that Barthes praises matches the deconstructive effects of Zhangzi's goblet words; the compact textual world constructed with words is actually full of space to them. Here, power is criticized, language is deconstructed, and the self is freed.