位移˙開眼˙合一˙反相－《莊子》論天人關係重探

Transfer, New Horizons, Unification, Fulfillment ──Re-Examining the Relationship between Heaven and Men in the Zhuang-Zi

徐聖心(Hsu, Sheng-Hsin)

《臺大中文學報》 57期 (2017/06) Pp. 17-58

https://doi.org/10.6281/NTUCL.2017.06.57.02

摘要

《莊子》書中的天人關係，是個貌似易解已解而實則難解未決的問題。標為「重探」是近代已有幾個引而未發的先聲，本文力求在這些僅具提示意義的引言之後，能使複雜的問題得初步解決。在《莊子》書中，非常集中地通過「天」的特殊表法，呈現各種不同領略「天」的顯發樣態，將「天」敷布為生命的新維度，藉此新維度之無窮開展，體現「天」即吾人內在的根源性、無限性、崇高性與創造性。「天」即人足以開顯其理想性與真實性的新維度，「心與天遊」即通過新維度內外重重映射，生命方足與宇宙融合重構，且迭生新境。所以「天」及相關設詞的出現，主要帶出幾重讀解與證會之功能：生命空間之拓展，延遲日常慣性之擱置，凌虛俯照之景深，曲繞性之迂迴，及貫通人與宇宙之生命奧秘。使我們即使在自身的活動中，既能豁開場景，復能返觀自照，以自身同時兼達他者，而形成一更豐富充沛的生命動勢。

關鍵字

莊子 ； 天人關係

並列摘要

The relationship between heaven and man in the Zhuang-Zi is a conundrum that seems simple but is so puzzling that it remains unresolved. Since many scholars have attempted to discuss this issue heretofore, this article tries to reconsider these arguments and provide a preliminary solution to this complicated issue. In the Zhuang-Zi, the varying appearances of heaven are presented by particular methods. Through exploring the meanings of heaven, it can be proved that the tian 'heaven' in the Zhuang-Zi is actually the origin, infinity, sublimity, and creativity of human beings. This can be exemplified by xin-yu-tian-you 'to roam in spirit with heaven,' which in other words is to continuously restructure oneself. Hence the terms around tian in the Zhuang-Zi are used to indicate the following meanings: to expand life, to suspend inertia, to observe by overlooking, to develop tortuously, and to integrate humans with the universe. On the basis of tian, humans can broaden their views as well as reflect on themselves to form richer lives even in daily activities.

並列關鍵字

Zhuang-Zi ； the relationship between heaven and man

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