朱熹《家禮》附圖對勘及其相關問題－以周復本、《纂圖集註》本、《朱子成書》本為核心

The Comparison of the Illustrations of Zhu Xi's Jia-li and Its Related Questions: Three Decisive Versions of Jia-li from the Thirteen^(th) to the Fourteen^(th) Century

莊民敬(Chuang, Min-Ching)

《臺大中文學報》 69期 (2020/06) Pp. 121-197

https://doi.org/10.6281/NTUCL.202006_(69).0004

摘要

朱熹《家禮》附纂的禮圖，作為宋代以降重要的禮學文獻，經常被研究者不加思索地引為論據。然而，已有少數學者指出附圖所反映的禮說，時與《家禮》文本違背。本文在前人發現若干《家禮》圖文不符的例證上，深入比對南宋到元末三個最重要的《家禮》版本附圖增累過程中體現的差異，旁及約略同時的其他相似禮圖，試著說明這些「與文本不相契合」的附圖大約產生於何時，以及究竟體現了朱熹以外的哪些禮說，並進一步推測纂入的可能原因。透過對勘各本中家廟祠堂圖、深衣諸圖、冠婚禮諸圖、襲含哭位小斂大斂圖、喪服形制諸圖、三父八母服制圖、尺式木主諸圖等七個主題附圖群組的有無、異同，以及與其他典籍的互見關係，結論指出明初以前《家禮》附圖的編纂過程可以分作兩個階段：前一階段大多與朱熹門人有所關聯，其不符《家禮》文本者，仍自有其他禮學上的據依，要之仍不出朱學矩矱；後一階段則與元代日用類書的編纂緊密交涉，加入許多朱熹以外的禮說，甚至產生若干誤解。這些附圖所體現的學說內容，除了《家禮》文本之外，有朱熹晚年更易之說，也有其他三《禮》典籍與宋儒的禮說，更有毫無學理可言者。要言之，其過程乃一學術性與通俗性消長的發展脈絡。學者論述宋代以降禮說，對這些附圖應當審慎取資。

關鍵字

《家禮》 ； 禮圖 ； 朱熹 ； 楊復 ； 四禮

並列摘要

As an important work in Confucian ritual, the illustrations of Zhu Xi's Jia-li (Family Rituals) has been used as an authoritative evidence on research. Some scholars had proved that not all of the illustrations of Jia-li correspond to its text. Based on these results, this article investigates three decisive versions of Jia-li from the thirteen^(th) to the fourteen^(th) century. We not only reveal different details of inconsistency between illustrations and texts, but also try to explain causes, the developments of the illustrations, and different theories behind these illustrations. Through exploring seven sets of illustrations, including jia-miao (ancestral shrine), shen-yi (long dress), kuan-hun-li (capping and wedding), xiao-lian-da-lian (dressing body in clean funeral dress and transferring the body of deceased into the coffin), sang-fu (mourning garment), san-fu-ba-mu (three kinds of fathers and eight kinds of mothers), chi-shi-mu-zhu (length measurement and spirit tablet), the development of the illustrations of Zhu Xi's Jia-li can be divided into two sections. The former is nearly related with Zhu Xi's disciples, and the inconsistency between illustrations and texts usually had reasons academically. The latter is nearly related with popular encyclopedias for daily use, and the inconsistency between illustrations and texts usually came with no reasons. In addition to the texts of Jia-li, those illustrations also reflected Zhu Xi's ideas in later years, Sanli (Rites of Zhou, Etiquette and Ceremonial, and Book of Rites), and theories by other Confucian scholars. Also, some of them are simply unreasonable faults. Researchers should use these illustrations cautiously.

並列關鍵字

Jia-li ； illustrations of ritual ； Zhu Xi ； Yang Fu ； Si-li

參考文獻

許雅惠：〈宋、元《三禮圖》的版面形式與使用：兼論新舊禮器變革〉，《臺大歷史學報》第60期（2017年12月）。

美）Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. Confucianism and Family Rituals in Imperial China: A Social History of Writing about Rites. Princeton University Press, 1991.