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《切韻》系韻書韻類與o、a元音韻系

The Reconstruction of the *o,*a Vowel Final Categories in Old Chinese Phonology

摘要


漢語語音史上的o、a元音韻系演變及其所形成的音韻類型差異,反映在各具特色的《切韻》系韻書韻目分類。如:佳皆夬韻次、歌佳麻關係、陽唐韻次、元魂痕韻次、刪山先仙韻次、寒桓之分、仙宣之分、覃談韻次等,均與o、a元音韻系的發展演變相關。本文比較漢語方言,並以音韻類型差異、鍊動音變、音變階段之不同解析相關韻書韻次之歧異,進而彰顯《切韻》系韻書韻目異同的音韻史意義,討論他們與上古韻部*o、*a韻系重建結果的關係。上古*o、*a韻系重建的內容如下:*-o,*-ok,*-oŋ ╱ *-io,*-iok,*-ioŋ;*-a,*-ak,*-aŋ ╱ *-ia,*-iak,*-iaŋ;*-oi,*-ot,*-on ╱ *-ioi,*-iot,*-ion;*-ai,*-at,*-an ╱ *-iai,*-iat,*-ian;*-op,*-om ╱ *-iop,*-iom;*-ap,*-am ╱ *-iap,*-iam;*-ou,*-iou ╱ **-ouk,**-iouk> *-ok,*-iok;*-au,*-iau ╱ **-auk,**-iauk >*-ak,*-iak。

並列摘要


Qieyun rhymes order is the reflex of the similarity in sound, such as Jia ( 佳) Jie(皆)Guai(夬), Ge(歌)Jia(佳)Ma(麻), Yang(陽)Tang(唐), Yuan( 元) Hun( 魂)Hen( 痕), Shan( 刪)Shan( 山) Xian( 先) Xian( 仙), Han( 寒) Huan( 桓), Xian( 仙) Xuan(宣), and Tan(覃) Tan(談), all these rhymes being classified as *o,*a vowel final categories. According to Qieyun rhymes order, and concerning the relationship between the Qieyun language and modern Chinese dialects, the most obvious phonological phenomenon of the Gan(贛), Hakka(客家)and Jin(晉)dialects compared to the rest of the other dialects is having a low back rounded vowel in Grade I rhyme; likewise, there is also a front low opened vowel in Grade II rhyme. Therefore, based on the literature and dialect colloquial readings, I have reconstructed *o,*a vowel final categories in old Chinese phonology. These finals form the following contrastive patterns: *-o, *-ok, *-oŋ / *-io, *-iok, *-ioŋ; *-a, *-ak, *-aŋ / *-ia, *-iak, *-iaŋ; *-oi, *-ot, *-on / *-ioi, *-iot, *-ion; *-ai, *-at, *-an / *-iai, *-iat, *-ian; *-op, *-om / *-iop, *-iom; *-ap, *-am / *-iap, *-iam; *-ou, *-iou / **-ouk, **-iouk > *-ok, *-iok; *-au, *-iau / **-auk, **-iauk > *-ak, *-iak.

參考文獻


李方桂:〈《切韻》ɑ的來源〉,《中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊》第3本第1分(1931年)。
張光宇:〈梗攝三四等字在漢語南方方言的發展〉,《中華學苑》第33期(1986年)。
董同龢:〈廣韻重紐試釋〉,《中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊》第13本(1948年9月)。

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