是誰殺了產業政策？解析中國大陸手機生產許可證之死

Why Industrial Policy Falls Apart?-An Anatomy of China's Mobile Phone Production Licensing Policy

高鴻翔(Hung-Hsiang Kao)

《科技發展政策報導》 2期 (2009/03) Pp. 57-69

https://doi.org/10.6446/STPR.200903.0057

摘要

透過產業政策吸引全球生產網絡進入，以提升當地產業與廠商技術層次為發展中國家政府常用以形塑產業體系的工具，然而既有文獻相對偏向旗艦廠商宰制全球生產網絡的觀點，且相對缺乏產業層次的觀察。本研究透過質性研究，分析中國大陸手機產業政策中扮演關鍵地位的生產許可證執行始末，透過分析實施目標、政策手段、廠商因應策略、實施成效，描述產業政策、廠商策略、產業體系的動態發展歷程。
本研究發現：全球生產網絡理論應可強化產業層次的觀察，以補強、修正傳統對於旗艦廠商網絡宰制能力的觀點；政策規劃與執行過程中，應留意官員理性有限、廠商資源與能力不足的問題；發展中國家後進廠商應可考慮透過創新營運模式集結具獨特能力的策略夥伴，形塑為己所用的產業體系，進而從市場邊陲切入主流市場。

關鍵字

產業政策 ； 全球生產網絡 ； 中國大陸 ； 旗艦廠商 ； 當地供應商

並列摘要

Industrial policy is widely used by governments of developing countries to lure global production networks onto their shores as a way to shape the domestic industrial structure and enhance local players' technology. However, existing literature tends to view global production networks as being dominated by flagship firms while offering little industry-level observations. This qualitative study reports the execution of China's production licensing policy-a key element of the country's broader mobile phone industry policy. Throughout the paper, China's policy objectives and levers, companies' reactions, and policy execution results are examined to help form an in-depth understanding of the dynamics between industrial policy, firm strategy, and industrial system more broadly.
This study finds: 1) Industry-level perspective does help strengthen and refine the traditional framework of a flagship-dominated global production network theory; 2) In devising and executing policies, governments should be aware of the possibilities of irrational behaviors of relevant officials and inadequate resources and capabilities at the firm level; and 3) For late movers in developing countries, an innovative business model and a network of strategic partners with distinctive capabilities are important strategic levers for shaping the industrial system to their advantage to facilitate their penetration into the mainstream market.

並列關鍵字

Industry Policy ； Global Production Network ； China ； Flagships ； Local Suppliers